Danilo Bzdok

Pourquoi les modèles d'IA hallucinent et comment y remédier

A tab representation of the Pre trained CLIP Vision Transformer

8 octobre 2025

par

Praneet Suresh

Jack Stanley

Danilo Bzdok

Sonia Joseph

Luca Scimeca

Utiliser les LLMs pour mieux comprendre le diagnostic de l'autisme

25 mars 2025

par

Jack Stanley

Danilo Bzdok

Vers une médecine personnalisée : comprendre la divergence entre l’inférence et la prédiction en biomédecine

Towards Precision Medicine: Understanding Inference and Prediction Divergence in Biomedicine

8 octobre 2020

par

Danilo Bzdok

Publications

Dissociable influences of maternal vs paternal Alzheimer’s risk on neurocognitive and cardiovascular health in men and women

Chloé Savignac

Frederic St‐Onge

Sylvia Villeneuve

AmanPreet Badhwar

Sarah A Gagliano Taliun

Sali Farhan

Maiya R. Geddes

Yasser Iturria Medina

Judes Poirier

R. Nathan Spreng

We uncovered IPs of AD susceptibility differently expressed in male and female probands and affected by the diagnosed parent’s sex. Matern… (voir plus)al inheritance highlighted memory performance in both sexes, whereas paternal inheritance was particularly linked to cardiovascular health in males. The inheritance of the IPs was reflected in the brain structure at both superficial and deeper layers of the cortex. As the first study of its kind, our cross‐generational analysis of matri‐ vs. patrilinear AD risk bridges the epidemiological and clinical literature by leveraging the power of ∼1,000 patient visits. Our completely data‐driven framework ultimately dissociated phenotypes of maternal and paternal AD risk single‐handedly expressed in male and female probands.

2023-11-30

Alzheimer's & Dementia (publié)

Simulation‐based effect size analysis in the absence of drug effects to inform the design of clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease

Daniel Andrews

Douglas L Arnold

Simon Ducharme

Howard Chertkow

D Louis Collins

Our results suggest low false positive probabilities for the successful trials. Cohort composition, sampling, and other trial characteristic… (voir plus)s might influence treatment‐independent group difference in cognitive decline rate. With our method, future trials could target treatment effects outside the target population’s false positive range.

2023-11-30

Alzheimer's & Dementia (publié)

General anaesthesia reduces the uniqueness of brain connectivity across individuals and across species

Andrea I. Luppi

Daniel Golkowski

Andreas Ranft

Rudiger Ilg

Denis Jordan

Adrian M. Owen

Lorina Naci

Emmanuel A. Stamatakis

Enrico Amico

Bratislav Misic

The human brain is characterised by idiosyncratic patterns of spontaneous thought, rendering each brain uniquely identifiable from its neura… (voir plus)l activity. However, deep general anaesthesia suppresses subjective experience. Does it also suppress what makes each brain unique? Here we used functional MRI under the effects of the general anaesthetics sevoflurane and propofol to determine whether anaesthetic-induced unconsciousness diminishes the uniqueness of the human brain: both with respect to the brains of other individuals, and the brains of another species. We report that under anaesthesia individual brains become less self-similar and less distinguishable from each other. Loss of distinctiveness is highly organised: it co-localises with the archetypal sensory-association axis, correlating with genetic and morphometric markers of phylogenetic differences between humans and other primates. This effect is more evident at greater anaesthetic depths, reproducible across sevoflurane and propofol, and reversed upon recovery. Providing convergent evidence, we show that under anaesthesia the functional connectivity of the human brain becomes more similar to the macaque brain. Finally, anaesthesia diminishes the match between spontaneous brain activity and meta-analytic brain patterns aggregated from the NeuroSynth engine. Collectively, the present results reveal that anaesthetised human brains are not only less distinguishable from each other, but also less distinguishable from the brains of other primates, with specifically human-expanded regions being the most affected by anaesthesia.

2023-11-12

bioRxiv (prépublication)

Aberrant functional brain network organization is associated with relapse during 1-year follow-up in alcohol-dependent patients

Justin Böhmer

Pablo Reinhardt

Maria Garbusow

Michael Marxen

Michael N. Smolka

U. Zimmermann

Andreas Heinz

Eva Friedel

Johann Kruschwitz

Henrik Walter

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a debilitating disease associated with high relapse rates even after long periods of abstinence. Thus, elucidatin… (voir plus)g neurobiological substrates of relapse risk is fundamental for the development of novel targeted interventions that could promote long-lasting abstinence. In the present study, we analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data from a sample of recently detoxified AD patients (n = 93) who were followed-up for 12 months after rsfMRI assessment. Specifically, we employed graph theoretic analyses to compare functional brain network topology and functional connectivity between future relapsers (REL, n = 59), future abstainers (ABS, n = 28) and age and gender matched controls (CON, n = 83). Our results suggest increased whole-brain network segregation, decreased global network integration and overall blunted connectivity strength in REL compared to CON. Conversely, we found evidence for a comparable network architecture in ABS relative to CON. At the nodal level, REL exhibited decreased integration and decoupling between multiple brain systems compared to CON, encompassing regions associated with higher-order executive functions, sensory and reward processing. Among AD patients, increased coupling between nodes implicated in reward valuation and salience attribution constitutes a particular risk factor for future relapse. Importantly, aberrant network organization in REL was consistently associated with shorter abstinence duration during follow-up, portending to a putative neural signature of relapse risk in AD. Future research should further evaluate the potential diagnostic value of the identified changes in network topology and functional connectivity for relapse prediction at the individual subject level.

2023-10-01

Addiction Biology (publié)

Distinctive Whole-brain Cell-Types Predict Tissue Damage Patterns in Thirteen Neurodegenerative Conditions

Veronika Pak

Quadri Adewale

Mahsa Dadar

Yashar Zeighami

Yasser Iturria-Medina

Abstract For over a century, brain research narrative has mainly centered on neuron cells. Accordingly, most whole-brain neu… (voir plus)rodegenerative studies focus on neuronal dysfunction and their selective vulnerability, while we lack comprehensive analyses of other major cell-types’ contribution. By unifying spatial gene expression, structural MRI, and cell deconvolution, here we describe how the human brain distribution of canonical cell-types extensively predicts tissue damage in eleven neurodegenerative disorders, including early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and tauopathies. We reconstructed comprehensive whole-brain reference maps of cellular abundance for six major cell-types and identified characteristic axes of spatial overlapping with atrophy. Our results support the strong mediating role of non-neuronal cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, on spatial vulnerability to tissue loss in neurodegeneration, with distinct and shared across-disorders pathomechanisms. These observations provide critical insights into the multicellular pathophysiology underlying spatiotemporal advance in neurodegeneration. Notably, they also emphasize the need to exceed the current neuro-centric view of brain diseases, supporting the imperative for cell-specific therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.

2023-09-18

eLife (publié)

Global fMRI signal topography differs systematically across the lifespan

Jason S. Nomi

Jingwei Li

Taylor Bolt

Catie Chang

Salome Kornfeld

Zachary T. Goodman

B.T. Thomas Yeo

R. Nathan Spreng

Lucina Q. Uddin

The global signal (GS) in resting-state fMRI, known to contain artifacts and non-neuronal physiological signals, also contains important neu… (voir plus)ral information related to individual state and trait characteristics. Here we show distinct linear and curvilinear lifespan patterns of GS topography in a cross-sectional lifespan sample, demonstrating its importance for consideration in studies of development and aging. Subcortical brain regions such as the thalamus and putamen show linear associations with the GS across the lifespan. The thalamus has stronger coupling in older-age individuals compared with younger-aged individuals, while the putamen has stronger coupling in younger individuals compared with older individuals. The subcortical nucleus basalis shows a u-shaped pattern similar to cortical regions within the lateral frontoparietal network and dorsal attention network, where coupling with the GS is stronger at early and old age, with weaker coupling in middle age. This differentiation in coupling strength between subcortical and cortical brain activity across the lifespan supports a dual-layer model of GS composition, where subcortical aspects of the GS are differentiated from cortical aspects of the GS. We find that these subcortical-cortical contributions to the GS depend strongly on the lifespan stage of individuals. Our findings demonstrate how neurobiological information within the GS differs across development and highlight the need to carefully consider whether or not to remove this signal when investigating age-related functional differences in the brain.

2023-08-27

bioRxiv (prépublication)

Multivariate analytical approaches for investigating brain-behavior relationships

E. Leighton Durham

Karam Ghanem

Andrew J. Stier

Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez

Gabrielle E. Reimann

Hee Jung Jeong

Randolph M. Dupont

Xiaoyu Dong

Tyler M. Moore

Marc G. Berman

Benjamin B. Lahey

Antonia N. Kaczkurkin

2023-07-30

Frontiers in Neuroscience (publié)

The default network dominates neural responses to evolving movie stories

Enning Yang

Filip Milisav

Jakub Kopal

Avram J. Holmes

Georgios D. Mitsis

Bratislav Misic

Emily S. Finn

Neuroscientific studies exploring real-world dynamic perception often overlook the influence of continuous changes in narrative content. In … (voir plus)our research, we utilize machine learning tools for natural language processing to examine the relationship between movie narratives and neural responses. By analyzing over 50,000 brain images of participants watching Forrest Gump from the studyforrest dataset, we find distinct brain states that capture unique semantic aspects of the unfolding story. The default network, associated with semantic information integration, is the most engaged during movie watching. Furthermore, we identify two mechanisms that underlie how the default network liaises with the amygdala and hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate effective approaches to understanding neural processes in everyday situations and their relation to conscious awareness.

2023-07-13

Nature Communications (publié)

Genesis, modelling and methodological remedies to autism heterogeneity

Juliette Rabot

Eya‐mist Rødgaard

Ridha Joober

Guillaume Dumas

Boris C Bernhardt

Sébastien Jacquemont

Laurent Mottron

2023-06-30

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publié)

156. Modeling Eye Gaze to Videos Using Dynamic Trajectory Variability Analysis

Qianying Wu

Na Yeon Kim

Jasmin Turner

Umit Keles

Lynn Paul

Ralph Adolphs

2023-04-30

Biological Psychiatry (publié)

Bayesian stroke modeling details sex biases in the white matter substrates of aphasia

Julius M. Kernbach

Gesa Hartwigsen

Jae-Sung Lim

Hee-Joon Bae

Kyung-Ho Yu

Gottfried Schlaug

Anna Bonkhoff

Natalia S. Rost

Ischemic cerebrovascular events often lead to aphasia. Previous work provided hints that such strokes may affect women and men in distinct w… (voir plus)ays. Women tend to suffer strokes with more disabling language impairment, even if the lesion size is comparable to men. In 1401 patients, we isolate data-led representations of anatomical lesion patterns and hand-tailor a Bayesian analytical solution to carefully model the degree of sex divergence in predicting language outcomes ~3 months after stroke. We locate lesion-outcome effects in the left-dominant language network that highlight the ventral pathway as a core lesion focus across different tests of language performance. We provide detailed evidence for sex-specific brain-behavior associations in the domain-general networks associated with cortico-subcortical pathways, with unique contributions of the fornix in women and cingular fiber bundles in men. Our collective findings suggest diverging white matter substrates in how stroke causes language deficits in women and men. Clinically acknowledging such sex disparities has the potential to improve personalized treatment for stroke patients worldwide.

2023-03-30

Communications Biology (publié)

Fasting alters the gut microbiome reducing blood pressure and body weight in metabolic syndrome patients

András Maifeld

Hendrik Bartolomaeus

Ulrike Löber

Ellen G. Avery

Nico Steckhan

Lajos Markó

Nicola Wilck

Ibrahim Hamad

Urša Šušnjar

Anja Mähler

Christoph Hohmann

Chia-Yu Chen

Holger Cramer

Gustav Dobos

Till Robin Lesker

Till Strowig

Ralf Dechend

Markus Kleinewietfeld

Andreas Michalsen … (voir 2 de plus)

Dominik N. Müller

Sofia K. Forslund

Abstract Periods of fasting and refeeding may reduce cardiometabolic risk elevated by Western diet. We show that in hypertensive metabolic s… (voir plus)yndrome (MetS) patients (n=35), a 5-day fast followed by a modified DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), antihypertensive medication need, and body-mass index (BMI) at three months post intervention compared to a modified DASH diet alone (n=36). Fasting altered the gut microbiome, impacting bacterial taxa and gene modules associated with short-chain fatty acid production. Cross-system analyses revealed a positive correlation of circulating mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, non-classical monocytes and CD4+ effector T cells with SBP. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) positively correlated with BMI and weight. Machine learning could predict sustained SBP-responsiveness within the fasting group from baseline immunome data, identifying CD8+ effector T cells, Th17 cells and Tregs as important contributors to the model. The high-resolution multi-omics data highlights fasting as a promising non-pharmacological intervention in MetS.

2023-03-28

Freie Universität Berlin (publié)