Connor Stone

Echoes in the Noise: Posterior Samples of Faint Galaxy Surface Brightness Profiles with Score-Based Likelihoods and Priors

Connor Bottrell

Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Examining the detailed structure of galaxy populations provides valuable insights into their formation and evolution mechanisms. Significant… (voir plus) barriers to such analysis are the non-trivial noise properties of real astronomical images and the point spread function (PSF) which blurs structure. Here we present a framework which combines recent advances in score-based likelihood characterization and diffusion model priors to perform a Bayesian analysis of image deconvolution. The method, when applied to minimally processed \emph{Hubble Space Telescope} (\emph{HST}) data, recovers structures which have otherwise only become visible in next-generation \emph{James Webb Space Telescope} (\emph{JWST}) imaging.

2025-04-08

The Astronomical Journal (publié)

doi.org

arxiv.org

Tackling the Problem of Distributional Shifts: Correcting Misspecified, High-Dimensional Data-Driven Priors for Inverse Problems

Gabriel Missael Barco

Alexandre Adam

Connor Stone

Yashar Hezaveh

Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Bayesian inference for inverse problems hinges critically on the choice of priors. In the absence of specific prior information, population-… (voir plus)level distributions can serve as effective priors for parameters of interest. With the advent of machine learning, the use of data-driven population-level distributions (encoded, e.g., in a trained deep neural network) as priors is emerging as an appealing alternative to simple parametric priors in a variety of inverse problems. However, in many astrophysical applications, it is often difficult or even impossible to acquire independent and identically distributed samples from the underlying data-generating process of interest to train these models. In these cases, corrupted data or a surrogate, e.g. a simulator, is often used to produce training samples, meaning that there is a risk of obtaining misspecified priors. This, in turn, can bias the inferred posteriors in ways that are difficult to quantify, which limits the potential applicability of these models in real-world scenarios. In this work, we propose addressing this issue by iteratively updating the population-level distributions by retraining the model with posterior samples from different sets of observations and showcase the potential of this method on the problem of background image reconstruction in strong gravitational lensing when score-based models are used as data-driven priors. We show that starting from a misspecified prior distribution, the updated distribution becomes progressively closer to the underlying population-level distribution, and the resulting posterior samples exhibit reduced bias after several updates.

2025-02-06

The Astrophysical Journal (publié)

doi.org

arxiv.org

PQMass: Probabilistic Assessment of the Quality of Generative Models using Probability Mass Estimation

Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Yashar Hezaveh

Connor Stone