Publications

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Community-Based Primary Health Care: Systematic Scoping Review and Critical Appraisal
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
France Légaré
Gauri Sharma
Patrick Archambault
Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun
Sam Chandavong
Nathalie Rheault
Sabrina T Wong
Lyse Langlois
Yves Couturier
Jose L Salmeron
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Jean Légaré
Background Research on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into community-based primary health care (CBPHC) has highlighted seve… (see more)ral advantages and disadvantages in practice regarding, for example, facilitating diagnosis and disease management, as well as doubts concerning the unintended harmful effects of this integration. However, there is a lack of evidence about a comprehensive knowledge synthesis that could shed light on AI systems tested or implemented in CBPHC. Objective We intended to identify and evaluate published studies that have tested or implemented AI in CBPHC settings. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review informed by an earlier study and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review framework and reported the findings according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. An information specialist performed a comprehensive search from the date of inception until February 2020, in seven bibliographic databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore. The selected studies considered all populations who provide and receive care in CBPHC settings, AI interventions that had been implemented, tested, or both, and assessed outcomes related to patients, health care providers, or CBPHC systems. Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of the identified records, read the selected full texts, and extracted data from the included studies using a validated extraction form. Disagreements were resolved by consensus, and if this was not possible, the opinion of a third reviewer was sought. A third reviewer also validated all the extracted data. Results We retrieved 22,113 documents. After the removal of duplicates, 16,870 documents were screened, and 90 peer-reviewed publications met our inclusion criteria. Machine learning (ML) (41/90, 45%), natural language processing (NLP) (24/90, 27%), and expert systems (17/90, 19%) were the most commonly studied AI interventions. These were primarily implemented for diagnosis, detection, or surveillance purposes. Neural networks (ie, convolutional neural networks and abductive networks) demonstrated the highest accuracy, considering the given database for the given clinical task. The risk of bias in diagnosis or prognosis studies was the lowest in the participant category (4/49, 4%) and the highest in the outcome category (22/49, 45%). Conclusions We observed variabilities in reporting the participants, types of AI methods, analyses, and outcomes, and highlighted the large gap in the effective development and implementation of AI in CBPHC. Further studies are needed to efficiently guide the development and implementation of AI interventions in CBPHC settings.
2021-09-01
Journal of Medical Internet Research (published)
doi.org
Automated Traceability for Domain Modelling Decisions Empowered by Artificial Intelligence
Rijul Saini
Gunter Mussbacher
Jin Guo
Jörg Kienzle
Domain modelling abstracts real-world entities and their relationships in the form of class diagrams for a given domain problem space. Model… (see more)lers often perform domain modelling to reduce the gap between understanding the problem description which expresses requirements in natural language and the concise interpretation of these requirements. However, the manual practice of domain modelling is both time-consuming and error-prone. These issues are further aggravated when problem descriptions are long, which makes it hard to trace modelling decisions from domain models to problem descriptions or vice-versa leading to completeness and conciseness issues. Automated support for tracing domain modelling decisions in both directions is thus advantageous. In this paper, we propose an automated approach that uses artificial intelligence techniques to extract domain models along with their trace links. We present a traceability information model to enable traceability of modelling decisions in both directions and provide its proof-of-concept in the form of a tool. The evaluation on a set of unseen problem descriptions shows that our approach is promising with an overall median F2 score of 82.04%. We conduct an exploratory user study to assess the benefits and limitations of our approach and present the lessons learned from this study.
2021-09-01
IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (published)
doi.org
DoMoBOT: A Modelling Bot for Automated and Traceable Domain Modelling
Rijul Saini
Gunter Mussbacher
Jin Guo
Jörg Kienzle
In the initial phases of the software development cycle, domain modelling is typically performed to transform informal requirements expresse… (see more)d in natural language into concise and analyzable domain models. These models capture the key concepts of an application domain and their relationships in the form of class diagrams. Building domain models manually is often a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. The current approaches which aim to extract domain models automatically, are inadequate in providing insights into the modelling decisions taken by extractor systems. This inhibits modellers to quickly confirm the completeness and conciseness of extracted domain models. To address these challenges, we present DoMoBOT, a domain modelling bot that uses a traceability knowledge graph to enable traceability of modelling decisions from extracted domain model elements to requirements and vice-versa. In this tool demo paper, we showcase how the implementation and architecture of DoMoBOT facilitate modellers to extract domain models and gain insights into the modelling decisions taken by our bot.
2021-09-01
IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (published)
doi.org
Full-Scale Information Diffusion Prediction With Reinforced Recurrent Networks
Cheng Yang
Hao Wang
Jian Tang
Chuan Shi
Maosong Sun
Ganqu Cui
Zhiyuan Liu
Information diffusion prediction is an important task, which studies how information items spread among users. With the success of deep lear… (see more)ning techniques, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown their powerful capability in modeling information diffusion as sequential data. However, previous works focused on either microscopic diffusion prediction, which aims at guessing who will be the next influenced user at what time, or macroscopic diffusion prediction, which estimates the total numbers of influenced users during the diffusion process. To the best of our knowledge, few attempts have been made to suggest a unified model for both microscopic and macroscopic scales. In this article, we propose a novel full-scale diffusion prediction model based on reinforcement learning (RL). RL incorporates the macroscopic diffusion size information into the RNN-based microscopic diffusion model by addressing the nondifferentiable problem. We also employ an effective structural context extraction strategy to utilize the underlying social graph information. Experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art baseline models on both microscopic and macroscopic diffusion predictions on three real-world datasets.
2021-09-01
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (published)
doi.org
Full-Scale Information Diffusion Prediction With Reinforced Recurrent Networks
Cheng Yang
Hao Wang
Jian Tang
Chuan Shi
Maosong Sun
Ganqu Cui
Zhiyuan Liu
Information diffusion prediction is an important task, which studies how information items spread among users. With the success of deep lear… (see more)ning techniques, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown their powerful capability in modeling information diffusion as sequential data. However, previous works focused on either microscopic diffusion prediction, which aims at guessing who will be the next influenced user at what time, or macroscopic diffusion prediction, which estimates the total numbers of influenced users during the diffusion process. To the best of our knowledge, few attempts have been made to suggest a unified model for both microscopic and macroscopic scales. In this article, we propose a novel full-scale diffusion prediction model based on reinforcement learning (RL). RL incorporates the macroscopic diffusion size information into the RNN-based microscopic diffusion model by addressing the nondifferentiable problem. We also employ an effective structural context extraction strategy to utilize the underlying social graph information. Experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art baseline models on both microscopic and macroscopic diffusion predictions on three real-world datasets.
2021-09-01
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (published)
doi.org
Promoting and Optimizing the Use of 3D-Printed Objects in Spontaneous Recognition Memory Tasks in Rodents: A Method for Improving Rigor and Reproducibility
Mehreen Inayat
Arely Cruz-Sanchez
Hayley H. A. Thorpe
Jude A. Frie
Blake Richards
Jibran Y. Khokhar
Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
2021-09-01
eNeuro (published)
doi.org
A Data Mining Analysis of Cross-Regional Study of Apparel Consumption
Osmud Rahman
Benjamin Fung
2021-08-28
Comprehensible Science (published)
doi.org
Successive-Cancellation Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes With Fast Hadamard Transform
Nghia Doan
Seyyed Ali Hashemi
Warren Gross
A novel permuted fast successive-cancellation list decoding algorithm with fast Hadamard transform (FHT-FSCL) is presented. The proposed dec… (see more)oder initializes
2021-08-28
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Approximate Bayesian Optimisation for Neural Networks
Nadhir Hassen
Irina Rish
2021-08-27
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
Extracting Weighted Automata for Approximate Minimization in Language Modelling
Clara Lacroce
Prakash Panangaden
Guillaume Rabusseau
2021-08-25
Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Grammatical Inference (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
arxiv.org
HAD-Net: A Hierarchical Adversarial Knowledge Distillation Network for Improved Enhanced Tumour Segmentation Without Post-Contrast Images
Saverio Vadacchino
Raghav Mehta
Nazanin Mohammadi Sepahvand
Brennan Nichyporuk
James J. Clark
Tal Arbel
Segmentation of enhancing tumours or lesions from MRI is important for detecting new disease activity in many clinical contexts. However, ac… (see more)curate segmentation requires the inclusion of medical images (e.g., T1 post-contrast MRI) acquired after injecting patients with a contrast agent (e.g., Gadolinium), a process no longer thought to be safe. Although a number of modality-agnostic segmentation networks have been developed over the past few years, they have been met with limited success in the context of enhancing pathology segmentation. In this work, we present HAD-Net, a novel offline adversarial knowledge distillation (KD) technique, whereby a pre-trained teacher segmentation network, with access to all MRI sequences, teaches a student network, via hierarchical adversarial training, to better overcome the large domain shift presented when crucial images are absent during inference. In particular, we apply HAD-Net to the challenging task of enhancing tumour segmentation when access to post-contrast imaging is not available. The proposed network is trained and tested on the BraTS 2019 brain tumour segmentation challenge dataset, where it achieves performance improvements in the ranges of 16% - 26% over (a) recent modality-agnostic segmentation methods (U-HeMIS, U-HVED), (b) KD-Net adapted to this problem, (c) the pre-trained student network and (d) a non-hierarchical version of the network (AD-Net), in terms of Dice scores for enhancing tumour (ET). The network also shows improvements in tumour core (TC) Dice scores. Finally, the network outperforms both the baseline student network and AD-Net in terms of uncertainty quantification for enhancing tumour segmentation based on the BraTS 2019 uncertainty challenge metrics. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/SaverioVad/HAD_Net
2021-08-25
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Medical Imaging with Deep Learning (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
openreview.net
Monitoring non-pharmaceutical public health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Yannan Shen
Guido Powell
Iris Ganser
Qulu Zheng
Chris Grundy
Anya Okhmatovskaia
David Buckeridge
2021-08-24
Scientific Data (published)
doi.org