Shenyang Huang

Daniele Zambon

Andrea Cini

Jacob Chmura

Julia Gastinger

Micheal Bronstein

2025-08-03

Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2 (published)

Temporal Graph Learning Workshop

Daniele Zambon

Andrea Cini

Jacob Chmura

Julia Gastinger

Michael Bronstein

2025-08-03

Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2 (published)

Temporal Graph Learning Workshop

Daniele Zambon

Andrea Cini

Jacob Chmura

Julia Gastinger

Micheal Bronstein

2025-08-03

Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2 (published)

T-GRAB: A Synthetic Diagnostic Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Graphs

Alireza Dizaji

Benedict Aaron Tjandra

Mehrab Hamidi

Dynamic graph learning methods have recently emerged as powerful tools for modelling relational data evolving through time. However, despite… (see more) extensive benchmarking efforts, it remains unclear whether current Temporal Graph Neural Networks (TGNNs) effectively capture core temporal patterns such as periodicity, cause-and-effect, and long-range dependencies. In this work, we introduce the Temporal Graph Reasoning Benchmark (T-GRAB), a comprehensive set of synthetic tasks designed to systematically probe the capabilities of TGNNs to reason across time. T-GRAB provides controlled, interpretable tasks that isolate key temporal skills: counting/memorizing periodic repetitions, inferring delayed causal effects, and capturing long-range dependencies over both spatial and temporal dimensions. We evaluate 11 temporal graph learning methods on these tasks, revealing fundamental shortcomings in their ability to generalize temporal patterns. Our findings offer actionable insights into the limitations of current models, highlight challenges hidden by traditional real-world benchmarks, and motivate the development of architectures with stronger temporal reasoning abilities. The code for T-GRAB can be found at: https://github.com/alirezadizaji/T-GRAB.

2025-06-26

KDD.org/2025/Workshop/MLoG-GenAI (oral)

openreview.net

TGM: A Modular Framework for Machine Learning on Temporal Graphs

Michael M. Bronstein

Matthias Fey

While deep learning on static graphs has been revolutionized by standardized libraries like PyTorch Geometric and DGL, machine learning on T… (see more)emporal Graphs (TG), networks that evolve over time, lacks comparable software infrastructure. Existing TG libraries are limited in scope, focusing on a single method category or specific algorithms. We introduce Temporal Graph Modelling (TGM), a comprehensive framework for machine learning on temporal graphs to address this gap. Through a modular architecture, TGM is the first library to support both discrete and continuous-time TG methods and implements a wide range of TG methods. The TGM framework combines an intuitive front-end API with an optimized backend storage, enabling reproducible research and efficient experimentation at scale. Key features include graph-level optimizations for offline training and built-in performance profiling capabilities. Through extensive benchmarking on five real-world networks, TGM is up to 6 times faster than the widely used DyGLib library on TGN and TGAT models and up to 8 times faster than the UTG framework for converting edges into coarse-grained snapshots.

2025-06-09

ICML.cc/2025/Workshop/CODEML (published)

openreview.net

Are Large Language Models Good Temporal Graph Learners?

Zifeng Ding

Michael Bronstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently driven significant advancements in Natural Language Processing and various other applications. Wh… (see more)ile a broad range of literature has explored the graph-reasoning capabilities of LLMs, including their use of predictors on graphs, the application of LLMs to dynamic graphs -- real world evolving networks -- remains relatively unexplored. Recent work studies synthetic temporal graphs generated by random graph models, but applying LLMs to real-world temporal graphs remains an open question. To address this gap, we introduce Temporal Graph Talker (TGTalker), a novel temporal graph learning framework designed for LLMs. TGTalker utilizes the recency bias in temporal graphs to extract relevant structural information, converted to natural language for LLMs, while leveraging temporal neighbors as additional information for prediction. TGTalker demonstrates competitive link prediction capabilities compared to existing Temporal Graph Neural Network (TGNN) models. Across five real-world networks, TGTalker performs competitively with state-of-the-art temporal graph methods while consistently outperforming popular models such as TGN and HTGN. Furthermore, TGTalker generates textual explanations for each prediction, thus opening up exciting new directions in explainability and interpretability for temporal link prediction. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/shenyangHuang/TGTalker.

2025-06-03

ArXiv (preprint)

Are Large Language Models Good Temporal Graph Learners?

Zifeng Ding

Michael M. Bronstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently driven significant advancements in Natural Language Processing and various other applications. Wh… (see more)ile a broad range of literature has explored the graph-reasoning capabilities of LLMs, including their use of predictors on graphs, the application of LLMs to dynamic graphs -- real world evolving networks -- remains relatively unexplored. Recent work studies synthetic temporal graphs generated by random graph models, but applying LLMs to real-world temporal graphs remains an open question. To address this gap, we introduce Temporal Graph Talker (TGTalker), a novel temporal graph learning framework designed for LLMs. TGTalker utilizes the recency bias in temporal graphs to extract relevant structural information, converted to natural language for LLMs, while leveraging temporal neighbors as additional information for prediction. TGTalker demonstrates competitive link prediction capabilities compared to existing Temporal Graph Neural Network (TGNN) models. Across five real-world networks, TGTalker performs competitively with state-of-the-art temporal graph methods while consistently outperforming popular models such as TGN and HTGN. Furthermore, TGTalker generates textual explanations for each prediction, thus opening up exciting new directions in explainability and interpretability for temporal link prediction. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/shenyangHuang/TGTalker.

2025-06-01

arXiv (published)

TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphs

Julia Gastinger

Mikhail Galkin

Erfan Loghmani

Ali Parviz

Jacob Danovitch

Emanuele Rossi

Ioannis Koutis

Heiner Stuckenschmidt

2024-09-26

NeurIPS.cc/2024/Datasets_and_Benchmarks_Track (poster)

openreview.net

UTG: Towards a Unified View of Snapshot and Event Based Models for Temporal Graphs

Emanuele Rossi

Many real world graphs are inherently dynamic, constantly evolving with node and edge additions. These graphs can be represented by temporal… (see more) graphs, either through a stream of edge events or a sequence of graph snapshots. Until now, the development of machine learning methods for both types has occurred largely in isolation, resulting in limited experimental comparison and theoretical crosspollination between the two. In this paper, we introduce Unified Temporal Graph (UTG), a framework that unifies snapshot-based and event-based machine learning models under a single umbrella, enabling models developed for one representation to be applied effectively to datasets of the other. We also propose a novel UTG training procedure to boost the performance of snapshot-based models in the streaming setting. We comprehensively evaluate both snapshot and event-based models across both types of temporal graphs on the temporal link prediction task. Our main findings are threefold: first, when combined with UTG training, snapshot-based models can perform competitively with event-based models such as TGN and GraphMixer even on event datasets. Second, snapshot-based models are at least an order of magnitude faster than most event-based models during inference. Third, while event-based methods such as NAT and DyGFormer outperforms snapshot-based methods on both types of temporal graphs, this is because they leverage joint neighborhood structural features thus emphasizing the potential to incorporate these features into snapshotbased models as well. These findings highlight the importance of comparing model architectures independent of the data format and suggest the potential of combining the efficiency of snapshot-based models with the performance of event-based models in the future.

2024-07-17

ArXiv (preprint)

MiNT: Multi-Network Training for Transfer Learning on Temporal Graphs

Kiarash Shamsi

Tran Gia Bao Ngo

Razieh Shirzadkhani

Poupak Azad

Baris Coskunuzer

Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora

2024-06-14

ArXiv (preprint)

MiNT: Multi-Network Training for Transfer Learning on Temporal Graphs

Kiarash Shamsi

Tran Gia Bao Ngo

Razieh Shirzadkhani

Poupak Azad

Baris Coskunuzer

Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora

2024-06-14

ArXiv (preprint)

TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphs

Julia Gastinger

Mikhail Galkin

Erfan Loghmani

Ali Parviz

Jacob Danovitch

Emanuele Rossi

Ioannis Koutis

Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Multi-relational temporal graphs are powerful tools for modeling real-world data, capturing the evolving and interconnected nature of entiti… (see more)es over time. Recently, many novel models are proposed for ML on such graphs intensifying the need for robust evaluation and standardized benchmark datasets. However, the availability of such resources remains scarce and evaluation faces added complexity due to reproducibility issues in experimental protocols. To address these challenges, we introduce Temporal Graph Benchmark 2.0 (TGB 2.0), a novel benchmarking framework tailored for evaluating methods for predicting future links on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Temporal Heterogeneous Graphs with a focus on large-scale datasets, extending the Temporal Graph Benchmark. TGB 2.0 facilitates comprehensive evaluations by presenting eight novel datasets spanning five domains with up to 53 million edges. TGB 2.0 datasets are significantly larger than existing datasets in terms of number of nodes, edges, or timestamps. In addition, TGB 2.0 provides a reproducible and realistic evaluation pipeline for multi-relational temporal graphs. Through extensive experimentation, we observe that 1) leveraging edge-type information is crucial to obtain high performance, 2) simple heuristic baselines are often competitive with more complex methods, 3) most methods fail to run on our largest datasets, highlighting the need for research on more scalable methods.

2024-06-14

ArXiv (preprint)