Publications

Understanding Continual Learning Settings with Data Distribution Drift Analysis
Timothee LESORT
Massimo Caccia
Irina Rish
Classical machine learning algorithms often assume that the data are drawn i.i.d. from a stationary probability distribution. Recently, cont… (voir plus)inual learning emerged as a rapidly growing area of machine learning where this assumption is relaxed, i.e. where the data distribution is non-stationary and changes over time. This paper represents the state of data distribution by a context variable
2021-04-03
ArXiv (prépublication)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
Differentially private data publishing for arbitrarily partitioned data
Rongli Wang
Benjamin C. M. Fung
Yan Zhu
Qiang Peng
2021-03-31
Information Sciences (publié)
doi.org
Discourse-Aware Unsupervised Summarization for Long Scientific Documents
Yue Dong
Andrei Mircea
Jackie CK Cheung
2021-03-31
Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume (publié)
doi.org
Generative lesion pattern decomposition of cognitive impairment after stroke
Anna K. Bonkhoff
Jae-Sung Lim
Hee-Joon Bae
Nick A. Weaver
Hugo J. Kuijf
J. Matthijs Biesbroek
Natalia S. Rost
Danilo Bzdok
Cognitive impairment is a frequent and disabling sequela of stroke. There is however incomplete understanding of how lesion topographies in … (voir plus)the left and right cerebral hemisphere brain interact to cause distinct cognitive deficits. We integrated machine learning and Bayesian hierarchical modelling to enable a hemisphere-aware analysis of 1080 acute ischaemic stroke patients with deep profiling ∼3 months after stroke. We show the relevance of the left hemisphere in the prediction of language and memory assessments and relevance of the right hemisphere in the prediction of visuospatial functioning. Global cognitive impairments were equally well predicted by lesion topographies from both sides. Damage to the hippocampal and occipital regions on the left was particularly informative about lost naming and memory functions, while damage to these regions on the right was linked to lost visuospatial functioning. Global cognitive impairment was predominantly linked to lesioned tissue in the supramarginal and angular gyrus, the post-central gyrus as well as the lateral occipital and opercular cortices of the left hemisphere. Hence, our analysis strategy uncovered that lesion patterns with unique hemispheric distributions are characteristic of how cognitive capacity is lost due to ischaemic brain tissue damage.
2021-03-31
Brain Communications (publié)
doi.org
Smart about medications (SAM): a digital solution to enhance medication management following hospital discharge
Santiago Márquez Fosser
Nadar Mahmoud
Bettina Habib
Daniala L. Weir
Fiona Chan
Rola El Halabieh
Jeanne Vachon
Manish Thakur
Thai Tran
Melissa Bustillo
Caroline Beauchamp
André Bonnici
David L. Buckeridge
Robyn Tamblyn
To outline the development of a software solution to improve medication management after hospital discharge, including its design, data sour… (voir plus)ces, intrinsic features, and to evaluate the usability and the perception of use by end-users. Patients were directly involved in the development using a User Center Design (UCD) approach. We conducted usability interviews prior to hospital discharge, before a user started using the application. A technology acceptance questionnaire was administered to evaluate user self-perception after 2 weeks of use. The following features were developed; pill identification, patient-friendly drug information leaflet, side effect checker, and interaction checker, adherence monitoring and alerts, weekly medication schedule, daily pill reminders, messaging service, and patient medication reviews. The usability interviews show a 98.3% total success rate for all features, severity (on a scale of 1–4) 1.4 (SD 0.79). Regarding the self-perception of use (1–7 agreement scale) the 3 highest-rated domains were: (1) perceived ease of use 5.65 (SD 2.02), (2) output quality 5.44 (SD 1.65), and (3) perceived usefulness 5.29 (SD 2.11). Many medication management apps solutions have been created and most of them have not been properly evaluated. SAM (Smart About Medications) includes the user perspective, integration between a province drug database and the pharmacist workflow in real time. Its features are not limited to maintaining a medication list through manual entry. We can conclude after evaluation that the application is usable and has been self-perceived as easy to use by end-users. Future studies are required to assess the health benefits associated with its use.
2021-03-31
JAMIA Open (publié)
doi.org
Touch-based Curiosity for Sparse-Reward Tasks
Sai Rajeswar
Cyril Ibrahim
Nitin Surya
Florian Golemo
David Vázquez
Aaron Courville
Pedro O. Pinheiro
2021-03-31
ArXiv (prépublication)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
Age differences in the functional architecture of the human brain
Roni Setton
Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo
Manesh Girn
Amber W. Lockrow
Giulia Baracchini
Colleen Hughes
Alexander J. Lowe
Benjamin N. Cassidy
Jian Li
Wen-Ming Luh
Danilo Bzdok
Richard M. Leahy
Tian Ge
Daniel S. Margulies
Bratislav Misic
Boris C. Bernhardt
W. Dale Stevens
Felipe De Brigard
Prantik Kundu
Gary R. Turner … (voir 2 de plus)
R. Nathan Spreng
Montreal Neurological
The intrinsic functional organization of the brain changes into older adulthood. Age differences are observed at multiple spatial scales, fr… (voir plus)om global reductions in modularity and segregation of distributed brain systems, to network-specific patterns of dedifferentiation. Whether dedifferentiation reflects an inevitable, global shift in brain function with age, circumscribed, experience dependent changes, or both, is uncertain. We employed a multi-method strategy to interrogate dedifferentiation at multiple spatial scales. Multi-echo (ME) resting-state fMRI was collected in younger (n=181) and older (n=120) healthy adults. Cortical parcellation sensitive to individual variation was implemented for precision functional mapping of each participant, while preserving group-level parcel and network labels. ME-fMRI processing and gradient mapping identified global and macroscale network differences. Multivariate functional connectivity methods tested for microscale, edge-level differences. Older adults had lower BOLD signal dimensionality, consistent with global network dedifferentiation. Gradients were largely age-invariant. Edge-level analyses revealed discrete, network-specific dedifferentiation patterns in older adults. Visual and somatosensory regions were more integrated within the functional connectome; default and frontoparietal control network regions showed greater connectivity; and the dorsal attention network was more integrated with heteromodal regions. These findings highlight the importance of multi-scale, multi-method approaches to characterize the architecture of functional brain aging.
2021-03-30
bioRxiv (prépublication)
doi.org
All in This Together? A Preregistered Report on Deservingness of Government Aid During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aengus Bridgman
Eric Merkley
Peter John Loewen
Taylor Owen
Derek Ruths
2021-03-30
Journal of Experimental Political Science (publié)
doi.org
Fasting alters the gut microbiome reducing blood pressure and body weight in metabolic syndrome patients
András Maifeld
Hendrik Bartolomaeus
Ulrike Löber
Ellen G. Avery
Nico Steckhan
Lajos Markó
Nicola Wilck
Ibrahim Hamad
Urša Šušnjar
Anja Mähler
Christoph Hohmann
Chia-Yu Chen
Holger Cramer
Gustav Dobos
Till Robin Lesker
Till Strowig
Ralf Dechend
Danilo Bzdok
Markus Kleinewietfeld
Andreas Michalsen … (voir 2 de plus)
Dominik N. Müller
Sofia K. Forslund
Abstract Periods of fasting and refeeding may reduce cardiometabolic risk elevated by Western diet. We show that in hypertensive metabolic s… (voir plus)yndrome (MetS) patients (n=35), a 5-day fast followed by a modified DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), antihypertensive medication need, and body-mass index (BMI) at three months post intervention compared to a modified DASH diet alone (n=36). Fasting altered the gut microbiome, impacting bacterial taxa and gene modules associated with short-chain fatty acid production. Cross-system analyses revealed a positive correlation of circulating mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, non-classical monocytes and CD4+ effector T cells with SBP. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) positively correlated with BMI and weight. Machine learning could predict sustained SBP-responsiveness within the fasting group from baseline immunome data, identifying CD8+ effector T cells, Th17 cells and Tregs as important contributors to the model. The high-resolution multi-omics data highlights fasting as a promising non-pharmacological intervention in MetS.
2021-03-29
Nature Communications (publié)
doi.org
Loneliness and Neurocognitive Aging
R. Nathan Spreng
Danilo Bzdok
2021-03-28
Advances in geriatric medicine and research (publié)
doi.org
Mapping gene transcription and neurocognition across human neocortex
Justine Y. Hansen
Ross D. Markello
Jacob W. Vogel
Jakob Seidlitz
Danilo Bzdok
Bratislav Misic
2021-03-24
Nature Human Behaviour (publié)
doi.org
Evaluating the Integration of One Health in Surveillance Systems for Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: A Conceptual Framework
Cécile Aenishaenslin
Barbara Häsler
André Ravel
E. Jane Parmley
Sarah Mediouni
Houda Bennani
Katharina D. C. Stärk
David L. Buckeridge
It is now widely acknowledged that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) must adopt a “One Health” (OH) approach to successfull… (voir plus)y address the significant threats this global public health issue poses to humans, animals, and the environment. While many protocols exist for the evaluation of surveillance, the specific aspect of the integration of a OH approach into surveillance systems for AMR and antimicrobial Use (AMU), suffers from a lack of common and accepted guidelines and metrics for its monitoring and evaluation functions. This article presents a conceptual framework to evaluate the integration of OH in surveillance systems for AMR and AMU, named the Integrated Surveillance System Evaluation framework (ISSE framework). The ISSE framework aims to assist stakeholders and researchers who design an overall evaluation plan to select the relevant evaluation questions and tools. The framework was developed in partnership with the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). It consists of five evaluation components, which consider the capacity of the system to: [1] integrate a OH approach, [2] produce OH information and expertise, [3] generate actionable knowledge, [4] influence decision-making, and [5] positively impact outcomes. For each component, a set of evaluation questions is defined, and links to other available evaluation tools are shown. The ISSE framework helps evaluators to systematically assess the different OH aspects of a surveillance system, to gain comprehensive information on the performance and value of these integrated efforts, and to use the evaluation results to refine and improve the surveillance of AMR and AMU globally.
2021-03-23
Frontiers in Veterinary Science (publié)
doi.org