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Discrete-time diffusion-based generative models and score matching methods have shown promising results in modeling high-dimensional image d… (voir plus)ata. Recently, Song et al. (2021) show that diffusion processes that transform data into noise can be reversed via learning the score function, i.e. the gradient of the log-density of the perturbed data. They propose to plug the learned score function into an inverse formula to define a generative diffusion process. Despite the empirical success, a theoretical underpinning of this procedure is still lacking. In this work, we approach the (continuous-time) generative diffusion directly and derive a variational framework for likelihood estimation, which includes continuous-time normalizing flows as a special case, and can be seen as an infinitely deep variational autoencoder. Under this framework, we show that minimizing the score-matching loss is equivalent to maximizing a lower bound of the likelihood of the plug-in reverse SDE proposed by Song et al. (2021), bridging the theoretical gap.
2020-12-31
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (NeurIPS 2021) (publié)
In this work, we propose Bijective-Contrastive Estimation (BCE), a classification-based learning criterion for energy-based models. We gener… (voir plus)ate a collection of contrasting distributions using bijections, and solve all the classification problems between the original data distribution and the distributions induced by the bijections using a classifier parameterized by an energy model. We show that if the classification objective is minimized, the energy function will uniquely recover the data density up to a normalizing constant. This has the benefit of not having to explicitly specify a contrasting distribution, like noise contrastive estimation. Experimentally, we demonstrate that the proposed method works well on 2D synthetic datasets. We discuss the difficulty in high dimensional cases, and propose potential directions to explore for future work.
Entropy is ubiquitous in machine learning, but it is in general intractable to compute the entropy of the distribution of an arbitrary conti… (voir plus)nuous random variable. In this paper, we propose the amortized residual denoising autoencoder (AR-DAE) to approximate the gradient of the log density function, which can be used to estimate the gradient of entropy. Amortization allows us to significantly reduce the error of the gradient approximator by approaching asymptotic optimality of a regular DAE, in which case the estimation is in theory unbiased. We conduct theoretical and experimental analyses on the approximation error of the proposed method, as well as extensive studies on heuristics to ensure its robustness. Finally, using the proposed gradient approximator to estimate the gradient of entropy, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on density estimation with variational autoencoders and continuous control with soft actor-critic.
2020-11-20
Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning (publié)
For embodied agents to infer representations of the underlying 3D physical world they inhabit, they should efficiently combine multisensory … (voir plus)cues from numerous trials, e.g., by looking at and touching objects. Despite its importance, multisensory 3D scene representation learning has received less attention compared to the unimodal setting. In this paper, we propose the Generative Multisensory Network (GMN) for learning latent representations of 3D scenes which are partially observable through multiple sensory modalities. We also introduce a novel method, called the Amortized Product-of-Experts, to improve the computational efficiency and the robustness to unseen combinations of modalities at test time. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can efficiently infer robust modality-invariant 3D-scene representations from arbitrary combinations of modalities and perform accurate cross-modal generation. To perform this exploration we have also developed a novel multi-sensory simulation environment for embodied agents.