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Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are highly sensitive to reward function specification, which remains a central challenge limiting the… (voir plus)ir broad applicability. We present ARM-FM: Automated Reward Machines via Foundation Models, a framework for automated, compositional reward design in RL that leverages the high-level reasoning capabilities of foundation models (FMs). Reward machines (RMs) - an automata-based formalism for reward specification - are used as the mechanism for RL objective specification, and are automatically constructed via the use of FMs. The structured formalism of RMs yields effective task decompositions, while the use of FMs enables objective specifications in natural language. Concretely, we (i) use FMs to automatically generate RMs from natural language specifications; (ii) associate language embeddings with each RM automata-state to enable generalization across tasks; and (iii) provide empirical evidence of ARM-FM's effectiveness in a diverse suite of challenging environments, including evidence of zero-shot generalization.
2025-12-31
International Conference on Learning Representations (Accept (Poster))
Effective exploration in reinforcement learning requires not only tracking where an agent has been, but also understanding how the agent per… (voir plus)ceives and represents the world. To learn powerful representations, an agent should actively explore states that contribute to its knowledge of the environment. Temporal representations can capture the information necessary to solve a wide range of potential tasks while avoiding the computational cost associated with full state reconstruction. In this paper, we propose an exploration method that leverages temporal contrastive representations to guide exploration, prioritizing states with unpredictable future outcomes. We demonstrate that such representations can enable the learning of complex exploratory behaviors in locomotion, manipulation, and embodied-AI tasks, revealing capabilities and behaviors that traditionally require extrinsic rewards. Unlike approaches that rely on explicit distance learning or episodic memory mechanisms (e.g., quasimetric-based methods), our method builds directly on temporal similarities, yielding a simpler yet effective strategy for exploration.
2025-12-31
International Conference on Learning Representations (Accept (Poster))
Effective exploration in reinforcement learning requires keeping track not just of where the agent has been, but also of how the agent think… (voir plus)s about and represents the world: an agent should explore states that enable it to learn powerful representations. Temporal representations can include the information required to solve any potential task while avoiding the computational cost of reconstruction. In this paper, we propose an exploration method that uses temporal contrastive representations to drive exploration, maximizing coverage as seen through the lens of these temporal representations. We demonstrate complex exploration behaviors in locomotion, manipulation, and embodied-AI tasks, revealing previously unknown capabilities and behaviors once achievable only via extrinsic rewards.
Learning transferable representations for deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging problem due to the inherent non-stationarity, di… (voir plus)stribution shift, and unstable training dynamics. To be useful, a transferable representation needs to be robust to such factors. In this work, we introduce a new architecture and training strategy for learning robust representations for transfer learning in RL. We propose leveraging multiple CNN encoders and training them not to specialize in areas of the state space but instead to match each other's representation. We find that learned representations transfer well across many Atari tasks, resulting in better transfer learning performance and data efficiency than training from scratch.
Both entropy-minimizing and entropy-maximizing (curiosity) objectives for unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) have been shown to be eff… (voir plus)ective in different environments, depending on the environment's level of natural entropy. However, neither method alone results in an agent that will consistently learn intelligent behavior across environments. In an effort to find a single entropy-based method that will encourage emergent behaviors in any environment, we propose an agent that can adapt its objective online, depending on the entropy conditions by framing the choice as a multi-armed bandit problem. We devise a novel intrinsic feedback signal for the bandit, which captures the agent's ability to control the entropy in its environment. We demonstrate that such agents can learn to control entropy and exhibit emergent behaviors in both high- and low-entropy regimes and can learn skillful behaviors in benchmark tasks. Videos of the trained agents and summarized findings can be found on our project page https://sites.google.com/view/surprise-adaptive-agents