Publications

UTG: Towards a Unified View of Snapshot and Event Based Models for Temporal Graphs
Shenyang Huang
Farimah Poursafaei
Reihaneh Rabbany
Guillaume Rabusseau
Emanuele Rossi
2024-07-17
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Exploring Quantization for Efficient Pre-Training of Transformer Language Models
Kamran Chitsaz
Quentin Fournier
Gonccalo Mordido
Sarath Chandar Anbil Parthipan
The increasing scale of Transformer models has led to an increase in their pre-training computational requirements. While quantization has p… (see more)roven to be effective after pre-training and during fine-tuning, applying quantization in Transformers during pre-training has remained largely unexplored at scale for language modeling. This study aims to explore the impact of quantization for efficient pre-training of Transformers, with a focus on linear layer components. By systematically applying straightforward linear quantization to weights, activations, gradients, and optimizer states, we assess its effects on model efficiency, stability, and performance during training. By offering a comprehensive recipe of effective quantization strategies to be applied during the pre-training of Transformers, we promote high training efficiency from scratch while retaining language modeling ability. Code is available at https://github.com/chandar-lab/EfficientLLMs.
2024-07-16
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
scSemiProfiler: Advancing Large-scale Single-cell Studies through Semi-profiling with Deep Generative Models and Active Learning
Jingtao Wang
Gregory Fonseca
Jun Ding
2024-07-16
Nature Communications (published)
doi.org
Benchmarking Vision Language Models for Cultural Understanding
Shravan Nayak
Kanishk Jain
Rabiul Awal
Siva Reddy
Sjoerd van Steenkiste
Lisa Anne Hendricks
Karolina Sta'nczak
Aishwarya Agrawal
Foundation models and vision-language pre-training have notably advanced Vision Language Models (VLMs), enabling multimodal processing of vi… (see more)sual and linguistic data. However, their performance has been typically assessed on general scene understanding - recognizing objects, attributes, and actions - rather than cultural comprehension. This study introduces CulturalVQA, a visual question-answering benchmark aimed at assessing VLM's geo-diverse cultural understanding. We curate a collection of 2,378 image-question pairs with 1-5 answers per question representing cultures from 11 countries across 5 continents. The questions probe understanding of various facets of culture such as clothing, food, drinks, rituals, and traditions. Benchmarking VLMs on CulturalVQA, including GPT-4V and Gemini, reveals disparity in their level of cultural understanding across regions, with strong cultural understanding capabilities for North America while significantly lower performance for Africa. We observe disparity in their performance across cultural facets too, with clothing, rituals, and traditions seeing higher performances than food and drink. These disparities help us identify areas where VLMs lack cultural understanding and demonstrate the potential of CulturalVQA as a comprehensive evaluation set for gauging VLM progress in understanding diverse cultures.
2024-07-15
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A model-free approach for solving choice-based competitive facility location problems using simulation and submodularity
Robin Legault
Emma Frejinger
This paper considers facility location problems in which a firm entering a market seeks to open facilities on a subset of candidate location… (see more)s so as to maximize its expected market share, assuming that customers choose the available alternative that maximizes a random utility function. We introduce a deterministic equivalent reformulation of this stochastic problem as a maximum covering location problem with an exponential number of demand points, each of which is covered by a different set of candidate locations. Estimating the prevalence of these preference profiles through simulation generalizes a sample average approximation method from the literature and results in a maximum covering location problem of manageable size. To solve it, we develop a partial Benders reformulation in which the contribution to the objective of the least influential preference profiles is aggregated and bounded by submodular cuts. This set of profiles is selected by a knee detection method that seeks to identify the best tradeoff between the fraction of the demand that is retained in the master problem and the size of the model. We develop a theoretical analysis of our approach and show that the solution quality it provides for the original stochastic problem, its computational performance, and the automatic profile-retention strategy it exploits are directly connected to the entropy of the preference profiles in the population. Computational experiments indicate that our approach dominates the classical sample average approximation method on large instances, can outperform the best heuristic method from the literature under the multinomial logit model, and achieves state-of-the-art results under the mixed multinomial logit model. We characterize a broader class of problems, which includes assortment optimization, to which the solving methodology and the analyses developed in this paper can be extended.
2024-07-15
INFORMS Journal on Computing (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Learn-To-Design: Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Chemical Process Optimization
Eslam G. Al-Sakkari
Ahmed Ragab
Mohamed Ali
Hanane Dagdougui
Daria C. Boffito
Mouloud Amazouz
2024-07-14
Systems and Control Transactions (published)
doi.org
The Heterophilic Graph Learning Handbook: Benchmarks, Models, Theoretical Analysis, Applications and Challenges
Sitao Luan
Chenqing Hua
Qincheng Lu
Liheng Ma
Lirong Wu
Xinyu Wang
Minkai Xu
Xiao-Wen Chang
Doina Precup
Rex Ying
Stan Z. Li
Jian Tang
Guy Wolf
Stefanie Jegelka
Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to b… (see more)e the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural Networks (NNs) on graph-structured data, especially on node-level tasks. However, recent work has identified a non-trivial set of datasets where GNN's performance compared to the NN's is not satisfactory. Heterophily, i.e. low homophily, has been considered the main cause of this empirical observation. People have begun to revisit and re-evaluate most existing graph models, including graph transformer and its variants, in the heterophily scenario across various kinds of graphs, e.g. heterogeneous graphs, temporal graphs and hypergraphs. Moreover, numerous graph-related applications are found to be closely related to the heterophily problem. In the past few years, considerable effort has been devoted to studying and addressing the heterophily issue. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress on heterophilic graph learning, including an extensive summary of benchmark datasets and evaluation of homophily metrics on synthetic graphs, meticulous classification of the most updated supervised and unsupervised learning methods, thorough digestion of the theoretical analysis on homophily/heterophily, and broad exploration of the heterophily-related applications. Notably, through detailed experiments, we are the first to categorize benchmark heterophilic datasets into three sub-categories: malignant, benign and ambiguous heterophily. Malignant and ambiguous datasets are identified as the real challenging datasets to test the effectiveness of new models on the heterophily challenge. Finally, we propose several challenges and future directions for heterophilic graph representation learning.
2024-07-12
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A Comprehensive Analysis of Explainable AI for Malware Hunting
Mohd Saqib
Samaneh Mahdavifar
Benjamin Fung
Philippe Charland
In the past decade, the number of malware variants has increased rapidly. Many researchers have proposed to detect malware using intelligent… (see more) techniques, such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), which have high accuracy and precision. These methods, however, suffer from being opaque in the decision-making process. Therefore, we need Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models to be explainable, interpretable, and transparent to be reliable and trustworthy. In this survey, we reviewed articles related to Explainable AI (XAI) and their application to the significant scope of malware detection. The article encompasses a comprehensive examination of various XAI algorithms employed in malware analysis. Moreover, we have addressed the characteristics, challenges, and requirements in malware analysis that cannot be accommodated by standard XAI methods. We discussed that even though Explainable Malware Detection (EMD) models provide explainability, they make an AI-based model more vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We also propose a framework that assigns a level of explainability to each XAI malware analysis model, based on the security features involved in each method. In summary, the proposed project focuses on combining XAI and malware analysis to apply XAI models for scrutinizing the opaque nature of AI systems and their applications to malware analysis.
2024-07-11
ACM Computing Surveys (published)
doi.org
DeepCodeProbe: Towards Understanding What Models Trained on Code Learn
Vahid Majdinasab
Amin Nikanjam
Foutse Khomh
2024-07-11
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Group Membership Bias
Ali Vardasbi
Maarten de Rijke
Fernando Diaz
Mostafa Dehghani
2024-07-11
Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Beyond A*: Better Planning with Transformers via Search Dynamics Bootstrapping
Lucas Lehnert
Sainbayar Sukhbaatar
DiJia Su
Qinqing Zheng
Paul McVay
Michael Rabbat
Yuandong Tian
While Transformers have enabled tremendous progress in various application settings, such architectures still lag behind traditional symboli… (see more)c planners for solving complex decision making tasks. In this work, we demonstrate how to train Transformers to solve complex planning tasks. This is accomplished by training an encoder-decoder Transformer model to predict the _search dynamics_ of the
2024-07-10
colmweb.org/COLM/2024/Conference (accepted)
doi.org
openreview.net
Chain of Targeted Verification Questions to Improve the Reliability of Code Generated by LLMs
Sylvain Kouemo Ngassom
Arghavan Moradi Dakhel
Florian Tambon
Foutse Khomh
2024-07-10
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on AI-Powered Software (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org