Simon Lemieux

Deep learning of chest X-rays can predict mechanical ventilation outcome in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients

Daniel Gourdeau

Olivier Potvin

Jason Henry Biem

Florence Cloutier

Lyna Abrougui

Patrick Archambault

Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre

Louis Dieumegarde

Christian Gagné

Louis Gagnon

Raphaelle Giguère

Alexandre Hains

Huy Le

Simon Lemieux

Marie-Hélène Lévesque

Simon Nepveu

Lorne Rosenbloom

An Tang

Issac Yang

Nathalie Duchesne … (see 1 more)

Simon Duchesne

2022-04-12

Scientific Reports (published)

doi.org

TRACKING AND PREDICTING COVID-19 RADIOLOGICAL TRAJECTORY USING DEEP LEARNING ON CHEST X-RAYS: INITIAL ACCURACY TESTING

Simon Duchesne

Daniel Gourdeau

Patrick Archambault

Carl Chartrand‐Lefebvre

Louis Dieumegarde

Reza Forghani

Christian Gagné

Alexandre Hains

David Hornstein

H. Le

Simon Lemieux

Marie‐Hélène Lévesque

Diego R. Martín

Lorne Rosenbloom

An Tang

F. Vecchio

Olivier Potvin

Nathalie Duchesne

Decision scores and ethically mindful algorithms are being established to adjudicate mechanical ventilation in the context of potential reso… (see more)urces shortage due to the current onslaught of COVID-19 cases. There is a need for a reproducible and objective method to provide quantitative information for those scores. Towards this goal, we present a retrospective study testing the ability of a deep learning algorithm at extracting features from chest x-rays (CXR) to track and predict radiological evolution. We trained a repurposed deep learning algorithm on the CheXnet open dataset (224,316 chest X-ray images of 65,240 unique patients) to extract features that mapped to radiological labels. We collected CXRs of COVID-19-positive patients from two open-source datasets (last accessed on April 9, 2020)(Italian Society for Medical and Interventional Radiology and MILA). Data collected form 60 pairs of sequential CXRs from 40 COVID patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 56 ± 13 years; 23 men, 10 women, seven not reported) and were categorized in three categories: “Worse”, “Stable”, or “Improved” on the basis of radiological evolution ascertained from images and reports. Receiver operating characteristic analyses, Mann-Whitney tests were performed. On patients from the CheXnet dataset, the area under ROC curves ranged from 0.71 to 0.93 for seven imaging features and one diagnosis. Deep learning features between “Worse” and “Improved” outcome categories were significantly different for three radiological signs and one diagnostic (“Consolidation”, “Lung Lesion”, “Pleural effusion” and “Pneumonia”; all P 0.05). Features from the first CXR of each pair could correctly predict the outcome category between “Worse” and “Improved” cases with 82.7% accuracy. CXR deep learning features show promise for classifying the disease trajectory. Once validated in studies incorporating clinical data and with larger sample sizes, this information may be considered to inform triage decisions.

2022-04-03

Scientific Reports (published)

doi.org

Theano: A Python framework for fast computation of mathematical expressions

Rami Al-Rfou

Guillaume Alain

Amjad Almahairi

Christof Angermueller

Dzmitry Bahdanau

Nicolas Ballas

Frédéric Bastien

Justin Bayer

Anatoly Belikov

Alexander Belopolsky

Josh Bleecher Snyder

Nicolas Boulanger-Lewandowski

Xavier Bouthillier

Alexandre De Brébisson

Olivier Breuleux … (see 92 more)

Pierre-Luc Carrier

Paul Christiano

Myriam Côté

Yann N. Dauphin

Julien Demouth

Sander Dieleman

Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Ziye Fan

Mathieu Germain

Matt Graham

Balázs Hidasi

Arjun Jain

Kai Jia

Mikhail Korobov

Vivek Kulkarni

Alex Lamb

Pascal Lamblin

Eric Larsen

César Laurent

Sean Lee

Simon Lefrancois

Simon Lemieux

Nicholas Léonard

Zhouhan Lin

Jesse A. Livezey

Cory Lorenz

Jeremiah Lowin

Qianli Ma

Pierre-Antoine Manzagol

Robert T. McGibbon

Mehdi Mirza

Alberto Orlandi

Christopher Pal

Razvan Pascanu

Mohammad Pezeshki

Colin Raffel

Daniel Renshaw

Matthew Rocklin

Adriana Romero

Markus Roth

Peter Sadowski

John Salvatier

François Savard

Jan Schlüter

John Schulman

Gabriel Schwartz

Iulian Vlad Serban

Dmitriy Serdyuk

Samira Shabanian

Etienne Simon

Sigurd Spieckermann

S. Ramana Subramanyam

Gijs van Tulder

Sebastian Urban

Dustin J. Webb

Matthew Willson

Lijun Xue

Theano is a Python library that allows to define, optimize, and evaluate mathematical expressions involving multi-dimensional arrays efficie… (see more)ntly. Since its introduction, it has been one of the most used CPU and GPU mathematical compilers - especially in the machine learning community - and has shown steady performance improvements. Theano is being actively and continuously developed since 2008, multiple frameworks have been built on top of it and it has been used to produce many state-of-the-art machine learning models. The present article is structured as follows. Section I provides an overview of the Theano software and its community. Section II presents the principal features of Theano and how to use them, and compares them with other similar projects. Section III focuses on recently-introduced functionalities and improvements. Section IV compares the performance of Theano against Torch7 and TensorFlow on several machine learning models. Section V discusses current limitations of Theano and potential ways of improving it.

2015-12-31

arXiv (preprint)

doi.org

arxiv.org

Mila on Udemy

AI Policy Fellowship Publications

Mila Ventures Launchpad

Simon Lemieux

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Mila on Udemy

AI Policy Fellowship Publications

Mila Ventures Launchpad

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Simon Lemieux

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