Neuropsychiatric copy number variants exert shared effects on human brain structure
Claudia Modenato
Kuldeep Kumar
Clara A. Moreau
Sandra Martin-Brevet
Guillaume Huguet
Catherine Schramm
Jean-Louis Martineau
Charles-Olivier Martin
C.O. Martin
Nadine Younis
Petra Tamer
Elise Douard
Fanny Thébault-Dagher
Valérie Côté
Audrey-Rose Charlebois
Florence Deguire
Anne M. Maillard
Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
Aurélie Pain
Sonia Richetin … (see 15 more)
16p11.2 European Consortium
Simons Variation in Individuals Project Consortium
Ana I. Silva
Leila Kushan
Lester Melie-Garcia
Marianne B.M. van den Bree
David E.J. Linden
M. J. Owen
Jeremy Hall
Sarah Lippé
Mallar Chakravarty
Danilo Bzdok
Carrie E. Bearden
Bogdan Draganski
Sébastien Jacquemont
2020-04-17
medRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Uncertainty Evaluation Metric for Brain Tumour Segmentation
Raghav Mehta
Angelos Filos
Yarin Gal
Tal Arbel
In this paper, we develop a metric designed to assess and rank uncertainty measures for the task of brain tumour sub-tissue segmentation in … (see more)the BraTS 2019 sub-challenge on uncertainty quantification. The metric is designed to: (1) reward uncertainty measures where high confidence is assigned to correct assertions, and where incorrect assertions are assigned low confidence and (2) penalize measures that have higher percentages of under-confident correct assertions. Here, the workings of the components of the metric are explored based on a number of popular uncertainty measures evaluated on the BraTS 2019 dataset.
2020-04-17
MIDL.io/2020/Conference (published)
openreview.net
openreview.net
Systems consolidation impairs behavioral flexibility
Sankirthana Sathiyakumar
Sofia Skromne Carrasco
Lydia Saad
Blake Richards
2020-04-15
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) (published)
doi.org
Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims
Miles Brundage
Shahar Avin
Jasmine Wang
Haydn Belfield
Gretchen Krueger
Gillian K. Hadfield
Heidy Khlaaf
Jingying Yang
H. Toner
Ruth Catherine Fong
Tegan Maharaj
Pang Wei Koh
Sara Hooker
Jade Leung
Andrew John Trask
Emma Bluemke
Jonathan Lebensbold
Cullen C. O'keefe
Mark Koren
Th'eo Ryffel … (see 39 more)
JB Rubinovitz
Tamay Besiroglu
Federica Carugati
Jack Clark
Peter Eckersley
Sarah de Haas
Maritza L. Johnson
Ben Laurie
Alex Ingerman
Igor Krawczuk
Amanda Askell
Rosario Cammarota
A. Lohn
David Scott Krueger
Charlotte Stix
Peter Mark Henderson
Logan Graham
Carina E. A. Prunkl
Bianca Martin
Elizabeth Seger
Noa Zilberman
Sean O hEigeartaigh
Frens Kroeger
Girish Sastry
R. Kagan
Adrian Weller
Brian Shek-kam Tse
Elizabeth Barnes
Allan Dafoe
Paul D. Scharre
Ariel Herbert-Voss
Martijn Rasser
Shagun Sodhani
Carrick Flynn
Thomas Krendl Gilbert
Lisa Dyer
Saif M. Khan
Yoshua Bengio
Markus Anderljung
2020-04-15
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
On generalized surrogate duality in mixed-integer nonlinear programming
Benjamin Müller
Gonzalo Muñoz
Maxime Gasse
Ambros Gleixner
Andrea Lodi
Felipe Serrano
2020-04-14
Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Clustering for Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Models.
Yu Luo
David A. Stephens
David Buckeridge
We develop clustering procedures for longitudinal trajectories based on a continuous-time hidden Markov model (CTHMM) and a generalized line… (see more)ar observation model. Specifically in this paper, we carry out infinite mixture model-based clustering for CTHMM and achieve inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Specifically, for Bayesian nonparametric inference using a Dirichlet process mixture model, we utilize restricted Gibbs sampling split-merge proposals to expedite the MCMC algorithm. We employ the proposed algorithm to the simulated data as well as a large real data example, and the results demonstrate the desired performance of the new sampler.
Establishing an evaluation metric to quantify climate change image realism
Sharon Zhou
Alexandra Luccioni
Gautier Cosne
Michael S. Bernstein
Yoshua Bengio
2020-04-07
Machine Learning: Science and Technology (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
CNN Detection of New and Enlarging Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Longitudinal Mri Using Subtraction Images
Nazanin Mohammadi Sepahvand
Douglas Arnold
Tal Arbel
Accurate detection and segmentation of new lesional activity in longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) of patients with Multiple Scle… (see more)rosis (MS) is important for monitoring disease activity, as well as for assessing treatment effects. In this work, we present the first deep learning framework to automatically detect and segment new and enlarging (NE) T2w lesions from longitudinal brain MRIs acquired from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. The proposed framework is an adapted 3D U-Net [1] which includes as inputs the reference multi-modal MRI and T2-weighted lesion maps, as well an attention mechanism based on the subtraction MRI (between the two timepoints) which serves to assist the network in learning to differentiate between real anatomical change and artifactual change, while constraining the search space for small lesions. Experiments on a large, proprietary, multi -center, multi-modal, clinical trial dataset consisting of 1677 multi-modal scans illustrate that network achieves high overall detection accuracy (detection AUC=.95), outperforming (1) a U-Net without an attention mechanism (de-tection AUC=.93), (2) a framework based on subtracting independent T2-weighted segmentations (detection AUC=.57), and (3) DeepMedic (detection AUC=.84) [2], particularly for small lesions. In addition, the method was able to accurately classify patients as active/inactive with (sensitivities of. 69 and specificities of. 97).
2020-04-03
2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) (published)
doi.org
Combating False Negatives in Adversarial Imitation Learning (Student Abstract)
Konrad Żołna
Chitwan Saharia
Léonard Boussioux
David Y. T. Hui
Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert
Dzmitry Bahdanau
Yoshua Bengio
2020-04-03
AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org
Detecting semantic anomalies
Faruk Ahmed
Aaron Courville
We critically appraise the recent interest in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and question the practical relevance of existing benchmark… (see more)s. While the currently prevalent trend is to consider different datasets as OOD, we argue that out-distributions of practical interest are ones where the distinction is semantic in nature for a specified context, and that evaluative tasks should reflect this more closely. Assuming a context of object recognition, we recommend a set of benchmarks, motivated by practical applications. We make progress on these benchmarks by exploring a multi-task learning based approach, showing that auxiliary objectives for improved semantic awareness result in improved semantic anomaly detection, with accompanying generalization benefits.
2020-04-03
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Gifting in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (Student Abstract)
Andrei-Stefan Lupu
Doina Precup
This work performs a first study on multi-agent reinforcement learning with deliberate reward passing between agents. We empirically demonst… (see more)rate that such mechanics can greatly improve the learning progression in a resource appropriation setting and provide a preliminary discussion of the complex effects of gifting on the learning dynamics.
2020-04-03
AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org
Literature Mining for Incorporating Inductive Bias in Biomedical Prediction Tasks (Student Abstract)
Qizhen Zhang
Audrey Durand
Joelle Pineau
2020-04-03
AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org