Publications

Language Agents Mirror Human Causal Reasoning Biases. How Can We Help Them Think Like Scientists?

Anthony GX-Chen

Dongyan Lin

Mandana Samiei

Doina Precup

Blake Richards

Rob Fergus

Kenneth Marino

Language model (LM) agents are increasingly used as autonomous decision-makers who need to actively gather information to guide their decisi… (see more)ons. A crucial cognitive skill for such agents is the efficient exploration and understanding of the causal structure of the world -- key to robust, scientifically grounded reasoning. Yet, it remains unclear whether LMs possess this capability or exhibit systematic biases leading to erroneous conclusions. In this work, we examine LMs' ability to explore and infer causal relationships, using the well-established"Blicket Test"paradigm from developmental psychology. We find that LMs reliably infer the common, intuitive disjunctive causal relationships but systematically struggle with the unusual, yet equally (or sometimes even more) evidenced conjunctive ones. This"disjunctive bias"persists across model families, sizes, and prompting strategies, and performance further declines as task complexity increases. Interestingly, an analogous bias appears in human adults, suggesting that LMs may have inherited deep-seated reasoning heuristics from their training data. To this end, we quantify similarities between LMs and humans, finding that LMs exhibit adult-like inference profiles (but not children-like). Finally, we propose a test-time sampling method which explicitly samples and eliminates hypotheses about causal relationships from the LM. This scalable approach significantly reduces the disjunctive bias and moves LMs closer to the goal of scientific, causally rigorous reasoning.

2025-05-14

ArXiv (preprint)

Language Agents Mirror Human Causal Reasoning Biases. How Can We Help Them Think Like Scientists?

Anthony GX-Chen

Dongyan Lin

Mandana Samiei

Doina Precup

Blake Richards

Rob Fergus

Kenneth Marino

2025-05-14

ArXiv (preprint)

The CASTOR mission

Patrick Côté

Tyrone E. Woods

John B. Hutchings

Jason D. Rhodes

Rubén Sánchez-Janssen

Alan D. Scott

John Pazder

Melissa Amenouche

Michael Balogh

Simon Blouin

Alain Cournoyer

Maria R. Drout

Nick Kuzmin

Katherine J. Mack

Laura Ferrarese

Wesley C. Fraser

Sarah C. Gallagher

Frédéric Grandmont

Daryl Haggard

Paul Harrison … (see 160 more)

Vincent Hénault-Brunet

J. J. Kavelaars

Viraja Khatu

Joel C. Roediger

Jason Rowe

Marcin Sawicki

Jesper Skottfelt

Matt Taylor

Ludo van Waerbeke

Laurie Amen

Dhananjhay Bansal

Martin Bergeron

Toby Brown

Greg Burley

Hum Chand

Isaac Cheng

Ryan Cloutier

Nolan Dickson

Oleg Djazovski

Ivana Damjanov

James Doherty

Kyle Finner

Macarena García Del Valle Espinosa

Jennifer Glover

Ana I. Gómez de Castro

Or Graur

Tim Hardy

Michelle Kao

Denis Leahy

Deborah Lokhorst

Alex I. Malz

Allison Man

Madeline A. Marshall

Sean McGee

Ryan McKenzie

Kai Michaud

Surhud S. More

David Morris

Patrick W. Morris

Thibaud Moutard

Wasi Naqvi

Matt Nicholl

Gaël Noirot

M. S. Oey

Cyrielle Opitom

Samir Salim

Bryan R. Scott

Charles A. Shapiro

Daniel Stern

Annapurni Subramaniam

David Thilke

Ivan Wevers

Dmitri Vorobiev

L. Y. Aaron Yung

Frédéric Zamkotsian

Suzanne Aigrain

Anahita Alavi

Martin Barstow

Peter Bartosik

Hadleigh Bluhm

Jo Bovy

Peter Cameron

Raymond G. Carlberg

Jessie L. Christiansen

Yuyang Chen

Paul Crowther

Kristen Dage

Aaron L. Dotter

Patrick Dufour

Jean Dupuis

Ben Dryer

Angaraj Duara

Gwendolyn M. Eadie

Marielle R. Eduardo

Vincente Estrada-Carpenter

Sebastien Fabbro

Andreas Faisst

Nicole M. Ford

Morgan Fraser

Boris T. Gaensicke

Shashkiran Ganesh

Poshak Gandhi

Melissa L. Graham

Rebecca Hamel

Martin Hellmich

John Hennessy

Kaitlyn Hessel

Jeremy Heyl

Catherine Heymans

Renée Hložek

Michael E. Hoenk

Andrew Holland

Eric Huff

Ian Hutchinson

Ikuru Iwata

April D. Jewell

Doug Johnstone

Maia Jones

Todd Jones

Dustin Lang

Jon Lapington

Justin Larivière

Cameron Lawlor-Forsyth

Denis Laurin

Charles Lee

Ronan Legin

Ting S. Li

Sungsoon Lim

Bethany Ludwig

Matt Kozun

Vivek M.

Robert Mann

Alan W. McConnachie

Evan McDonough

Stanimir Metchev

David R. Miller

Takashi Moriya

Cameron Morgan

Julio Navarro

Yaël Nazé

Shouleh Nikzad

Vivek Oad

Nathalie Ouellette

Emily K. Pass

Will J. Percival

Laurence Perreault Levasseur

Joe Postma

Nayyer Raza

Gordon T. Richards

Harvey Richer

Carmelle Robert

Erik Rosolowsky

John J. Ruan

Sarah Rugheimer

Samar Safi-Harb

Kanak Saha

Vicky Scowcroft

Federico Sestito

Himanshu Sharma

James Sikora

Gregory R. Sivakoff

Thirupathi Sivarani

Patrick Smith

Warren Soh

Robert Sorba

Smitha Subramanian

Hossen Teimoorinia

Harry I. Teplitz

Shaylin Thadani

Shavon Thadani

Aaron Tohuvavohu

Kim A. Venn

Nicholas Vieira

Jeremy J. Webb

Paul Wiegert

Ryan Wierckx

Yanqin Wu

Jade Yeung

Sukyoung K. Yi

2025-05-14

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (published)

The CASTOR mission

Patrick Côté

T. Woods

John Hutchings

J. Rhodes

R. Sánchez-Janssen

Alan D. Scott

J. Pazder

Melissa Amenouche

Michael Balogh

Simon Blouin

Alain Cournoyer

M. Drout

Nick Kuzmin

Katherine J. Mack

Laura Ferrarese

Wesley C. Fraser

Sarah C. Gallagher

Frederic J. Grandmont

Daryl Haggard

Paul Harrison … (see 160 more)

Vincent Hénault-Brunet

J. Kavelaars

V. Khatu

J. Roediger

J. Rowe

Marcin Sawicki

Jesper Skottfelt

Matt Taylor

Ludo van Waerbeke

Laurie Amen

Dhananjhay Bansal

Martin Bergeron

Toby Brown

Greg Burley

Hum Chand

Isaac Cheng

Ryan Cloutier

N. Dickson

Oleg Djazovski

Ivana Damjanov

James Doherty

K. Finner

Macarena García Del Valle Espinosa

Jennifer Glover

A. I. Gómez de Castro

Or Graur

Tim Hardy

Michelle Kao

D A Leahy

Deborah Lokhorst

A. I. Malz

Allison Man

Madeline A. Marshall

Sean McGee

Ryan McKenzie

Kai Michaud

Surhud S. More

David Morris

Patrick W. Morris

T. Moutard

Wasi Naqvi

Matthew Nicholl

G. Noirot

M. S. Oey

C. Opitom

Samir Salim

Bryan R. Scott

Charles Shapiro

Daniel Stern

A. Subramaniam

David Thilke

I. Wevers

Dmitri Vorobiev

L. Y. Aaron Yung

Frédéric Zamkotsian

S. Aigrain

A. Alavi

Martin Barstow

Peter Bartosik

Hadleigh Bluhm

J. Bovy

Peter Cameron

R. Carlberg

Jessie L. Christiansen

Yuyang Chen

Paul Crowther

Kristen Dage

Aaron Dotter

Patrick Dufour

Jean Dupuis

B. Dryer

A. Duara

Gwendolyn M. Eadie

Marielle R. Eduardo

V. Estrada-Carpenter

Sebastien Fabbro

A. Faisst

N. M. Ford

Morgan Fraser

Boris T. Gaensicke

Shashkiran Ganesh

Poshak Gandhi

Melissa L. Graham

Rebecca Hamel

Martin Hellmich

John J. Hennessy

Kaitlyn Hessel

J. Heyl

Catherine Heymans

Renée Hložek

Michael Hoenk

Andrew Holland

Eric Huff

Ian Hutchinson

Ikuru Iwata

April D. Jewell

Doug Johnstone

Maia Jones

Todd J. Jones

D. Lang

J. Lapington

Justin Larivière

C. Lawlor-Forsyth

Denis Laurin

Charles Lee

Ronan Legin

Ting S. Li

Sungsoon Lim

Bethany Ludwig

Matt Kozun

V. M

Robert Mann

Alan McConnachie

Evan McDonough

S. Metchev

David R. Miller

Takashi Moriya

Cameron Morgan

Julio F. Navarro

Y. Nazé

Shouleh Nikzad

Vivek Oad

N. N.-Q. Ouellette

E. Pass

Will J. Percival

Joe Postma

Nayyer Raza

G. T. Richards

Harvey Richer

Carmelle Robert

Erik Rosolowsky

J. Ruan

Sarah Rugheimer

S. Safi-Harb

Kanak Saha

Vicky Scowcroft

F. Sestito

Himanshu Sharma

James Sikora

G. Sivakoff

T. S. Sivarani

Patrick Smith

Warren Soh

R. Sorba

S. Subramanian

Hossen Teimoorinia

H. Teplitz

Shaylin Thadani

Shavon Thadani

Aaron Tohuvavohu

K. Venn

Nicholas Vieira

Jeremy J. Webb

P. Wiegert

Ryan Wierckx

Yanqin Wu

Jade Yeung

S. K. Yi

2025-05-14

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems (published)

The CASTOR mission

Patrick Côté

T. Woods

John Hutchings

J. Rhodes

R. Sánchez-Janssen

Alan D. Scott

J. Pazder

Melissa Amenouche

Michael Balogh

Simon Blouin

Alain Cournoyer

M. Drout

Nick Kuzmin

Katherine J. Mack

Laura Ferrarese

Wesley C. Fraser

Sarah C. Gallagher

Frederic J. Grandmont

Daryl Haggard

Paul Harrison … (see 160 more)

Vincent Hénault-Brunet

J. Kavelaars

V. Khatu

J. Roediger

J. Rowe

Marcin Sawicki

Jesper Skottfelt

Matt Taylor

Ludo van Waerbeke

Laurie Amen

Dhananjhay Bansal

Martin Bergeron

Toby Brown

Greg Burley

Hum Chand

Isaac Cheng

Ryan Cloutier

N. Dickson

Oleg Djazovski

Ivana Damjanov

James Doherty

K. Finner

Macarena García Del Valle Espinosa

Jennifer Glover

A. I. Gómez de Castro

Or Graur

Tim Hardy

Michelle Kao

D A Leahy

Deborah Lokhorst

A. I. Malz

Allison Man

Madeline A. Marshall

Sean McGee

Ryan McKenzie

Kai Michaud

Surhud S. More

David Morris

Patrick W. Morris

T. Moutard

Wasi Naqvi

Matthew Nicholl

G. Noirot

M. S. Oey

C. Opitom

Samir Salim

Bryan R. Scott

Charles Shapiro

Daniel Stern

A. Subramaniam

David Thilke

I. Wevers

Dmitri Vorobiev

L. Y. Aaron Yung

Frédéric Zamkotsian

S. Aigrain

A. Alavi

Martin Barstow

Peter Bartosik

Hadleigh Bluhm

J. Bovy

Peter Cameron

R. Carlberg

Jessie L. Christiansen

Yuyang Chen

Paul Crowther

Kristen Dage

Aaron Dotter

Patrick Dufour

Jean Dupuis

B. Dryer

A. Duara

Gwendolyn M. Eadie

Marielle R. Eduardo

V. Estrada-Carpenter

Sebastien Fabbro

A. Faisst

N. M. Ford

Morgan Fraser

Boris T. Gaensicke

Shashkiran Ganesh

Poshak Gandhi

Melissa L. Graham

Rebecca Hamel

Martin Hellmich

John J. Hennessy

Kaitlyn Hessel

J. Heyl

Catherine Heymans

Renée Hložek

Michael Hoenk

Andrew Holland

Eric Huff

Ian Hutchinson

Ikuru Iwata

April D. Jewell

Doug Johnstone

Maia Jones

Todd Jones

D. Lang

J. Lapington

Justin Larivière

C. Lawlor-Forsyth

Denis Laurin

Charles Lee

Ronan Legin

Ting S. Li

Sungsoon Lim

Bethany Ludwig

Matt Kozun

V. M

Robert Mann

Alan McConnachie

Evan McDonough

S. Metchev

David R. Miller

Takashi Moriya

Cameron Morgan

Julio F. Navarro

Y. Nazé

Shouleh Nikzad

Vivek Oad

N. N.-Q. Ouellette

E. Pass

Will J. Percival

Joe Postma

Nayyer Raza

G. T. Richards

Harvey Richer

Carmelle Robert

Erik Rosolowsky

J. Ruan

Sarah Rugheimer

S. Safi-Harb

Kanak Saha

Vicky Scowcroft

F. Sestito

Himanshu Sharma

James Sikora

G. Sivakoff

T. S. Sivarani

Patrick Smith

Warren Soh

R. Sorba

S. Subramanian

Hossen Teimoorinia

H. Teplitz

Shaylin Thadani

Shavon Thadani

Aaron Tohuvavohu

K. Venn

Nicholas Vieira

Jeremy J. Webb

P. Wiegert

Ryan Wierckx

Yanqin Wu

Jade Yeung

Sukyoung K. Yi

2025-05-14

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems (published)

The CASTOR mission

Patrick Côté

T. Woods

John Hutchings

J. Rhodes

R. Sánchez-Janssen

Alan D. Scott

J. Pazder

Melissa Amenouche

Michael Balogh

Simon Blouin

Alain Cournoyer

M. Drout

Nick Kuzmin

Katherine J. Mack

Laura Ferrarese

Wesley C. Fraser

Sarah C. Gallagher

Frederic J. Grandmont

Daryl Haggard

Paul Harrison … (see 160 more)

Vincent Hénault-Brunet

J. Kavelaars

V. Khatu

J. Roediger

J. Rowe

Marcin Sawicki

Jesper Skottfelt

Matt Taylor

Ludo van Waerbeke

Laurie Amen

Dhananjhay Bansal

Martin Bergeron

Toby Brown

Greg Burley

Hum Chand

Isaac Cheng

Ryan Cloutier

N. Dickson

Oleg Djazovski

Ivana Damjanov

James Doherty

K. Finner

Macarena García Del Valle Espinosa

Jennifer Glover

A. I. Gómez de Castro

Or Graur

Tim Hardy

Michelle Kao

D A Leahy

Deborah Lokhorst

A. I. Malz

Allison Man

Madeline A. Marshall

Sean McGee

Ryan McKenzie

Kai Michaud

Surhud S. More

David Morris

Patrick W. Morris

T. Moutard

Wasi Naqvi

Matthew Nicholl

G. Noirot

M. S. Oey

C. Opitom

Samir Salim

Bryan R. Scott

Charles Shapiro

Daniel Stern

A. Subramaniam

David Thilke

I. Wevers

Dmitri Vorobiev

L. Y. Aaron Yung

Frédéric Zamkotsian

S. Aigrain

A. Alavi

Martin Barstow

Peter Bartosik

Hadleigh Bluhm

J. Bovy

Peter Cameron

R. Carlberg

J. Christiansen

Yuyang Chen

P. Crowther

Kristen Dage

Aaron Dotter

Patrick Dufour

Jean Dupuis

B. Dryer

A. Duara

Gwendolyn M. Eadie

Marielle R. Eduardo

V. Estrada-Carpenter

Sebastien Fabbro

A. Faisst

N. M. Ford

Morgan Fraser

Boris T. Gaensicke

Shashkiran Ganesh

Poshak Gandhi

Melissa L. Graham

Rebecca Hamel

Martin Hellmich

John J. Hennessy

Kaitlyn Hessel

J. Heyl

Catherine Heymans

Renée Hložek

Michael Hoenk

Andrew Holland

Eric Huff

Ian Hutchinson

Ikuru Iwata

April D. Jewell

Doug Johnstone

Maia Jones

Todd J. Jones

D. Lang

J. Lapington

Justin Larivière

C. Lawlor-Forsyth

Denis Laurin

Charles Lee

Ronan Legin

Ting S. Li

Sungsoon Lim

B. Ludwig

Matt Kozun

V. M

Robert Mann

Alan McConnachie

Evan McDonough

S. Metchev

David R. Miller

Takashi Moriya

Cameron Morgan

Julio F. Navarro

Y. Nazé

Shouleh Nikzad

Vivek Oad

N. N.-Q. Ouellette

E. Pass

Will J. Percival

Joe Postma

Nayyer Raza

G. T. Richards

Harvey Richer

Carmelle Robert

Erik Rosolowsky

J. Ruan

Sarah Rugheimer

S. Safi-Harb

Kanak Saha

Vicky Scowcroft

F. Sestito

Himanshu Sharma

James Sikora

G. Sivakoff

T. S. Sivarani

Patrick Smith

Warren Soh

R. Sorba

S. Subramanian

Hossen Teimoorinia

H. Teplitz

Shaylin Thadani

Shavon Thadani

Aaron Tohuvavohu

K. Venn

Nicholas Vieira

Jeremy J. Webb

P. Wiegert

Ryan Wierckx

Yanqin Wu

Jade Yeung

S. K. Yi

2025-05-14

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems (published)

The CASTOR mission

Patrick Côté

T. Woods

John Hutchings

J. Rhodes

R. Sánchez-Janssen

Alan D. Scott

J. Pazder

Melissa Amenouche

Michael Balogh

Simon Blouin

Alain Cournoyer

M. Drout

Nick Kuzmin

Katherine J. Mack

Laura Ferrarese

Wesley C. Fraser

Sarah C. Gallagher

Frederic J. Grandmont

Daryl Haggard

Paul Harrison … (see 160 more)

Vincent Hénault-Brunet

J. Kavelaars

V. Khatu

J. Roediger

J. Rowe

Marcin Sawicki

Jesper Skottfelt

Matt Taylor

Ludo van Waerbeke

Laurie Amen

Dhananjhay Bansal

Martin Bergeron

Toby Brown

Greg Burley

Hum Chand

Isaac Cheng

Ryan Cloutier

N. Dickson

Oleg Djazovski

Ivana Damjanov

James Doherty

K. Finner

Macarena García Del Valle Espinosa

Jennifer Glover

A. I. Gómez de Castro

Or Graur

Tim Hardy

Michelle Kao

D A Leahy

Deborah Lokhorst

A. I. Malz

Allison Man

Madeline A. Marshall

Sean McGee

Ryan McKenzie

Kai Michaud

Surhud S. More

David Morris

Patrick W. Morris

T. Moutard

Wasi Naqvi

Matthew Nicholl

G. Noirot

M. S. Oey

C. Opitom

Samir Salim

Bryan R. Scott

Charles Shapiro

Daniel Stern

A. Subramaniam

David Thilke

I. Wevers

Dmitri Vorobiev

L. Y. Aaron Yung

Frédéric Zamkotsian

S. Aigrain

A. Alavi

Martin Barstow

Peter Bartosik

Hadleigh Bluhm

J. Bovy

Peter Cameron

R. Carlberg

Jessie L. Christiansen

Yuyang Chen

Paul Crowther

Kristen Dage

Aaron Dotter

Patrick Dufour

Jean Dupuis

B. Dryer

A. Duara

Gwendolyn M. Eadie

Marielle R. Eduardo

V. Estrada-Carpenter

Sebastien Fabbro

A. Faisst

N. M. Ford

Morgan Fraser

Boris T. Gaensicke

Shashkiran Ganesh

Poshak Gandhi

Melissa L. Graham

Rebecca Hamel

Martin Hellmich

John J. Hennessy

Kaitlyn Hessel

J. Heyl

Catherine Heymans

Renée Hložek

Michael Hoenk

Andrew Holland

Eric Huff

Ian Hutchinson

Ikuru Iwata

April D. Jewell

Doug Johnstone

Maia Jones

Todd J. Jones

D. Lang

J. Lapington

Justin Larivière

C. Lawlor-Forsyth

Denis Laurin

Charles Lee

Ronan Legin

Ting S. Li

Sungsoon Lim

B. Ludwig

Matt Kozun

V. M

Robert Mann

Alan McConnachie

Evan McDonough

S. Metchev

David R. Miller

Takashi Moriya

Cameron Morgan

Julio F. Navarro

Y. Nazé

Shouleh Nikzad

Vivek Oad

N. N.-Q. Ouellette

E. Pass

Will J. Percival

Joe Postma

Nayyer Raza

G. T. Richards

Harvey Richer

Carmelle Robert

Erik Rosolowsky

J. Ruan

Sarah Rugheimer

S. Safi-Harb

Kanak Saha

Vicky Scowcroft

F. Sestito

Himanshu Sharma

James Sikora

G. Sivakoff

T. S. Sivarani

Patrick Smith

Warren Soh

R. Sorba

S. Subramanian

Hossen Teimoorinia

H. Teplitz

Shaylin Thadani

Shavon Thadani

Aaron Tohuvavohu

K. Venn

Nicholas Vieira

Jeremy J. Webb

P. Wiegert

Ryan Wierckx

Yanqin Wu

Jade Yeung

S. K. Yi

2025-05-14

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems (published)

An Empirical Study of Pre-trained Model Selection for Out-of-Distribution Generalization and Calibration

Hiroki Naganuma

Ryuichiro Hataya

Kotaro Yoshida

Ioannis Mitliagkas

2025-05-13

TMLR (accepted)

openreview.net

Influence of scanning plane on Human Spinal Cord functional Magnetic Resonance echo planar imaging

Marta Moraschi

Silvia Tommasin

Laura Maugeri

Mauro DiNuzzo

Julien Cohen-Adad

Marco Masullo

Fabio Mangini

Lorenzo Giovannelli

Daniele Mascali

Tommaso Gili

Valerio Pisani

Ugo Nocentini

Federico Giove

Michela Fratini

BACKGROUND: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is based on the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent contrast and has been exploited f… (see more)or the indirect study of the neuronal activity within both the brain and the spinal cord. However, the interpretation of spinal cord fMRI (scfMRI) is still controversial and its diffusion is rather limited because of technical limitations. Overcoming these limitations would have a beneficial effect for the assessment and follow-up of spinal injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. PURPOSE: This study was aimed at systematically verify whether sagittal scanning in scfMRI using EPI readout is a viable alternative to the more common axial scanning, and at optimizing a pipeline for EPI-based scfMRI data analysis, based on Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT). METHODS: Forty-five healthy subjects underwent MRI acquisition in a Philips Achieva 3T MRI scanner. T2*-weighted fMRI data were acquired using a GE-EPI sequence along sagittal and axial planes during an isometric motor task. Differences on benchmarks were assessed via paired two-sample t-test at p=0.05. RESULTS: We investigated the impact of the acquisition strategy by means of various metrics such as Temporal Signal to Noise Ratio (tSNR), Dice Coefficient to assess geometric distortions, Reproducibility and Sensitivity. tSNR was higher in axial than in sagittal scans, as well as reproducibility within the whole cord mask (t=7.4, p0.01) and within the GM mask (t=4.2, p0.01). The other benchmarks, associated with distortion and functional response, showed no differenc

2025-05-12

PLOS One (published)

Learning Penalty for Optimal Partitioning via Automatic Feature Extraction

Tung L. Nguyen

Toby Dylan Hocking

Changepoint detection identifies significant shifts in data sequences, making it important in areas like finance, genetics, and healthcare. … (see more)The Optimal Partitioning algorithms efficiently detect these changes, using a penalty parameter to limit the changepoints number. Determining the appropriate value for this penalty can be challenging. Traditionally, this process involved manually extracting statistical features, such as sequence length or variance to make the prediction. This study proposes a novel approach that uses recurrent neural networks to learn this penalty directly from raw sequences by automatically extracting features. Experiments conducted on 20 benchmark genomic datasets show that this novel method surpasses traditional methods in partitioning accuracy in most cases.

2025-05-12

ArXiv (preprint)

Learning Penalty for Optimal Partitioning via Automatic Feature Extraction

Tung L. Nguyen

Toby Dylan Hocking

2025-05-12

ArXiv (preprint)