Publications

Cross-ethnicity/race generalization failure of behavioral prediction from resting-state functional connectivity
Jingwei Li
Danilo Bzdok
Jianzhong Chen
Angela Tam
Leon Qi
Leon Qi Rong Ooi
Avram J. Holmes
Tian Ge
Kaustubh R. Patil
Mbemba Jabbi
Simon B. Eickhoff
B.T. Thomas Yeo
Sarah Genon
Algorithmic biases that favor majority populations pose a key challenge to the application of machine learning for precision medicine. Here,… (see more) we assessed such bias in prediction models of behavioral phenotypes from brain functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined the prediction bias using two independent datasets (preadolescent versus adult) of mixed ethnic/racial composition. When predictive models were trained on data dominated by white Americans (WA), out-of-sample prediction errors were generally higher for African Americans (AA) than for WA. This bias toward WA corresponds to more WA-like brain-behavior association patterns learned by the models. When models were trained on AA only, compared to training only on WA or an equal number of AA and WA participants, AA prediction accuracy improved but stayed below that for WA. Overall, the results point to the need for caution and further research regarding the application of current brain-behavior prediction models in minority populations.
2022-03-16
Science Advances (published)
doi.org
A connectomics-based taxonomy of mammals
Laura E. Suárez
Yossi Yovel
Martijn P. van den Heuvel
Olaf Sporns
Yaniv Assaf
Guillaume Lajoie
Bratislav Mišić
2022-03-12
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
A connectomics-based taxonomy of mammals
Laura E. Suárez
Yossi Yovel
M. P. van den Heuvel
Olaf Sporns
Yaniv Assaf
Guillaume Lajoie
Bratislav Mišić
Mammalian taxonomies are conventionally defined by morphological traits and genetics. How species differ in terms of neural circuits and whe… (see more)ther inter-species differences in neural circuit organization conform to these taxonomies is unknown. The main obstacle for the comparison of neural architectures have been differences in network reconstruction techniques, yielding species-specific connectomes that are not directly comparable to one another. Here we comprehensively chart connectome organization across the mammalian phylogenetic spectrum using a common reconstruction protocol. We analyze the mammalian MRI (MaMI) data set, a database that encompasses high-resolution ex vivo structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 124 species across 12 taxonomic orders and 5 superorders, collected using a single protocol on a single scanner. We assess similarity between species connectomes using two methods: similarity of Laplacian eigenspectra and similarity of multiscale topological features. We find greater inter-species similarities among species within the same taxonomic order, suggesting the connectome organization recapitulates traditional taxonomies defined by morphology and genetics. While all connectomes retain hallmark global features and relative proportions of connection classes, inter-species variation is driven by local regional connectivity profiles. By encoding connectomes into a common frame of reference, these findings establish a foundation for investigating how neural circuits change over phylogeny, forging a link from genes to circuits to behaviour.
2022-03-12
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Kubric: A scalable dataset generator
Klaus Greff
Francois Belletti
Lucas Beyer
Carl Doersch
Yilun Du
Daniel Duckworth
David J. Fleet
Dan Gnanapragasam
Florian Golemo
Charles Herrmann
Thomas N. Kipf
Abhijit Kundu
Dmitry Lagun
Issam Hadj Laradji
Hsueh-Ti Liu
H. Meyer
Yishu Miao
Derek Nowrouzezahrai
Cengiz Oztireli
Etienne Pot … (see 14 more)
Noha Radwan
Daniel Rebain
Sara Sabour
Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi
Matan Sela
Vincent Sitzmann
Austin Stone
Deqing Sun
Suhani Vora
Ziyu Wang
Tianhao Wu
Kwang Moo Yi
Fangcheng Zhong
Andrea Tagliasacchi
Data is the driving force of machine learning, with the amount and quality of training data often being more important for the performance o… (see more)f a system than architecture and training details. But collecting, processing and annotating real data at scale is difficult, expensive, and frequently raises additional privacy, fairness and legal concerns. Synthetic data is a powerful tool with the potential to address these shortcomings: 1) it is cheap 2) supports rich ground-truth annotations 3) offers full control over data and 4) can circumvent or mitigate problems regarding bias, privacy and licensing. Unfortunately, software tools for effective data generation are less mature than those for architecture design and training, which leads to fragmented generation efforts. To address these problems we introduce Kubric, an open-source Python framework that interfaces with PyBullet and Blender to generate photo-realistic scenes, with rich annotations, and seamlessly scales to large jobs distributed over thousands of machines, and generating TBs of data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Kubric by presenting a series of 13 different generated datasets for tasks ranging from studying 3D NeRF models to optical flow estimation. We release Kubric, the used assets, all of the generation code, as well as the rendered datasets for reuse and modification.
2022-03-07
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Misinterpreting the horseshoe effect in neuroscience
Timothée Proix
Matt Perich
Tomislav Milekovic
2022-03-07
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Monocular Robot Navigation with Self-Supervised Pretrained Vision Transformers
Miguel Saavedra-Ruiz
Sacha Morin
Liam Paull
In this work, we consider the problem of learning a perception model for monocular robot navigation using few annotated images. Using a Visi… (see more)on Transformer (ViT) pretrained with a label-free self-supervised method, we successfully train a coarse image segmentation model for the Duckietown environment using 70 training images. Our model performs coarse image segmentation at the
2022-03-07
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A New Era: Intelligent Tutoring Systems Will Transform Online Learning for Millions
Francois St-Hilaire
Dung D. Vu
Antoine Frau
Nathan J. Burns
Farid Faraji
Joseph Potochny
Stephane Robert
Arnaud Roussel
Selene Zheng
Taylor Glazier
Junfel Vincent Romano
Robert Belfer
Muhammad Shayan
Ariella Smofsky
Tommy Delarosbil
Seulmin Ahn
Simon Eden-Walker
Kritika Sony
Ansona Onyi Ching
Sabina Elkins … (see 11 more)
A. Stepanyan
Adela Matajova
Victor Chen
Hossein Sahraei
Robert Larson
N. Markova
Andrew Barkett
Laurent Charlin
Yoshua Bengio
Iulian V. Serban
Ekaterina Kochmar
2022-03-03
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Application of AI in community based primary health care: Systematic review and critical appraisal
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
Patrick Archambault
Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun
Sam Chandavong
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Sabrina M. Wong
Gauri Sharma
Lyse Langlois
Nathalie Rheault
Yves Couturier
Jean Légaré
2022-03-01
Systematic review, meta-analysis, or scoping review (published)
doi.org
Cross-ethnicity/race generalization failure of behavioral prediction from resting-state functional connectivity
Jingwei Li
Danilo Bzdok
Jianzhong Chen
Angela Tam
Leon Qi
Rong Ooi
Avram J. Holmes
Tian Ge
K. Patil
M. Jabbi
Simon B. Eickhoff
B.T. Thomas Yeo
Sarah Genon
Algorithmic biases that favor majority populations pose a key challenge to the application of machine learning for precision medicine. Here,… (see more) we assessed such bias in prediction models of behavioral phenotypes from brain functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined the prediction bias using two independent datasets (preadolescent versus adult) of mixed ethnic/racial composition. When predictive models were trained on data dominated by white Americans (WA), out-of-sample prediction errors were generally higher for African Americans (AA) than for WA. This bias toward WA corresponds to more WA-like brain-behavior association patterns learned by the models. When models were trained on AA only, compared to training only on WA or an equal number of AA and WA participants, AA prediction accuracy improved but stayed below that for WA. Overall, the results point to the need for caution and further research regarding the application of current brain-behavior prediction models in minority populations.
2022-03-01
Science Advances (published)
doi.org
Enjeux éthiques de l’IA en santé - Fiche 4
Joé T. Martineau
Frédérique Romy Godin
Janine Badr
Alexandre Castonguay
Martin Cousineau
Philippe Després
Aude Motulsky
Jean Noel Nikiema
Cécile Petitgand
Catherine Régis
La présente fiche propose une revue des différents enjeux éthiques liés au développement et à l’utilisation des technologies d’int… (see more)elligence artificielle dans le milieu de la santé, en trois parties. D’abord, nous aborderons les enjeux éthiques liés à l’exploitation de données massives nécessaires à l’entrainement des algorithmes de l’IA. Ensuite, nous présenterons les principaux enjeux éthiques liés au développement et à l’utilisation des SIA en santé, en abordant la façon dont ces systèmes impactent nos vies ainsi que l’environnement physique et social dans lequel nous vivons. Nous présenterons finalement les principales initiatives nationales et internationales en matière d’éthique de l’IA et de la gestion des données, fruits et reflets d’une réflexion globale sur ces sujets. Ces initiatives ont notamment proposé des lignes directrices et principes normatifs servant de guides pour le développement de technologies de l’IA éthiques et responsables Il s'agit de la quatrième fiche d'une série de 4 développée dans le cadre d'un mandat réalisé pour le Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec (MSSS).
2022-03-01
(published)
doi.org
Guidelines for the Computational Testing of Machine Learning approaches to Vehicle Routing Problems
Luca Accorsi
Andrea Lodi
Daniele Vigo
2022-03-01
Operations Research Letters (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Interindividual Differences in Cortical Thickness and Their Genomic Underpinnings in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Christine Ecker
Charlotte M. Pretzsch
Anke Bletsch
Caroline Mann
Tim Schaefer
Sara Ambrosino
Julian Tillmann
Afsheen Yousaf
Andreas Chiocchetti
Michael V. Lombardo
Varun Warrier
Nico Bast
Carolin Moessnang
Sarah Baumeister
Flavio Dell’Acqua
Dorothea L. Floris
Mariam Zabihi
Andre Marquand
Freddy Cliquet
Claire Leblond … (see 19 more)
Clara A. Moreau
Nick Puts
Tobias Banaschewski
Emily J. H. Jones
Luke Mason
Sven Bölte
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
Antonio Persico
Sarah Durston
Simon Baron-Cohen
Will Spooren
Eva Loth
Christine M. Freitag
Tony Charman
Guillaume Dumas
Thomas Bourgeron
Christian Beckmann
Jan K. Buitelaar
Declan Murphy
2022-03-01
American Journal of Psychiatry (published)
doi.org