Publications

Improving Robustness and Reliability in Medical Image Classification with Latent-Guided Diffusion and Nested-Ensembles
Xing Shen
Hengguan Huang
Brennan Nichyporuk
Tal Arbel
2023-10-24
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Validation of ANG-1 and P-SEL as biomarkers of post-COVID-19 conditions using data from the Biobanque québécoise de la COVID-19 (BQC-19)
Eric Yamga
Antoine Soulé
Alain Piché
Amin Emad
Madeleine Durand
Simon Rousseau
2023-10-24
Clinical Proteomics (published)
doi.org
Causal machine learning for single-cell genomics
Alejandro Tejada-Lapuerta
Paul Bertin
Stefan Bauer
Hananeh Aliee
Yoshua Bengio
Fabian J. Theis
2023-10-23
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Distributional Robustness and Inequity Mitigation in Disaster Preparedness of Humanitarian Operations
Hongming Li
Erick Delage
Ning Zhu
Michael Pinedo
Shoufeng Ma
Problem definition: In this paper, we study a predisaster relief network design problem with uncertain demands. The aim is to determine the … (see more)prepositioning and reallocation of relief supplies. Motivated by the call of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) to leave no one behind, we consider three important practical aspects of humanitarian operations: shortages, equity, and uncertainty. Methodology/results: We first employ a form of robust satisficing measure, which we call the shortage severity measure, to evaluate the severity of the shortage caused by uncertain demand in a context with limited distribution information. Because shortages often raise concerns about equity, we then formulate a mixed-integer lexicographic optimization problem with nonconvex objectives and design a new branch-and-bound algorithm to identify the exact solution. We also propose two approaches for identifying optimal postdisaster adaptable resource reallocation: an exact approach and a conservative approximation that is more computationally efficient. Our case study considers the 2010 Yushu earthquake, which occurred in northwestern China, and demonstrates the value of our methodology in mitigating geographical inequities and reducing shortages. Managerial implications: In our case study, we show that (i) incorporating equity in both predisaster deployment and postdisaster reallocation can produce substantially more equitable shortage prevention strategies while sacrificing only a reasonable amount of total shortage; (ii) increasing donations/budgets may not necessarily alleviate the shortage suffered by the most vulnerable individuals if equity is not fully considered; and (iii) exploiting disaster magnitude information when quantifying uncertainty can help alleviate geographical inequities caused by uncertain relief demands. Funding: This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2016-05208], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971154, 72010107004, 72091214, and 72122015], and the Canada Research Chairs [Grant CRC-2018-00105]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1230 .
2023-10-23
Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (published)
doi.org
Dosimetry of [18F]TRACK, the first PET tracer for imaging of TrkB/C receptors in humans
Alexander Thiel
Alexey Kostikov
Hailey Ahn
Youstina Daoud
Jean-Paul Soucy
Stephan Blinder
Carolin Jaworski
Carmen Wängler
Björn Wängler
Freimut Juengling
Shirin A. Enger
Ralf Schirrmacher
2023-10-23
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry (published)
doi.org
Ghost on the Shell: An Expressive Representation of General 3D Shapes
Zhen Liu
Yao Feng
Yuliang Xiu
Weiyang Liu
Liam Paull
Michael J. Black
Bernhard Schölkopf
2023-10-23
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Hazards from Increasingly Accessible Fine-Tuning of Downloadable Foundation Models
Alan Chan
Benjamin Bucknall
Herbie Bradley
David Scott Krueger
2023-10-23
NeurIPS.cc/2023/Workshop/SoLaR (spotlight)
openreview.net
openreview.net
Hazards from Increasingly Accessible Fine-Tuning of Downloadable Foundation Models
Alan Chan
Benjamin Bucknall
Herbie Bradley
David Scott Krueger
2023-10-23
NeurIPS.cc/2023/Workshop/SoLaR (spotlight)
doi.org
openreview.net
STAMP: Differentiable Task and Motion Planning via Stein Variational Gradient Descent
Yewon Lee
Philip Huang
Yizhou Huang
Krishna Murthy
Andrew Zou Li
Fabian Damken
Eric Heiden
Kevin A. Smith
Derek Nowrouzezahrai
Fabio Ramos
Florian Shkurti
Carnegie-mellon University
M. I. O. Technology
Technische Universitat Darmstadt
Nvidia
M. University
University of Sydney
Planning for many manipulation tasks, such as using tools or assembling parts, often requires both symbolic and geometric reasoning. Task an… (see more)d Motion Planning (TAMP) algorithms typically solve these problems by conducting a tree search over high-level task sequences while checking for kinematic and dynamic feasibility. While performant, most existing algorithms are highly inefficient as their time complexity grows exponentially with the number of possible actions and objects. Additionally, they only find a single solution to problems in which many feasible plans may exist. To address these limitations, we propose a novel algorithm called Stein Task and Motion Planning (STAMP) that leverages parallelization and differentiable simulation to efficiently search for multiple diverse plans. STAMP relaxes discrete-and-continuous TAMP problems into continuous optimization problems that can be solved using variational inference. Our algorithm builds upon Stein Variational Gradient Descent, a gradient-based variational inference algorithm, and parallelized differentiable physics simulators on the GPU to efficiently obtain gradients for inference. Further, we employ imitation learning to introduce action abstractions that reduce the inference problem to lower dimensions. We demonstrate our method on two TAMP problems and empirically show that STAMP is able to: 1) produce multiple diverse plans in parallel; and 2) search for plans more efficiently compared to existing TAMP baselines.
2023-10-23
robot-learning.org/CoRL/2023/Workshop/LEAP (poster)
doi.org
openreview.net
Towards contrast-agnostic soft segmentation of the spinal cord
Sandrine Bédard
Enamundram Naga Karthik
Charidimos Tsagkas
Emanuele Pravatà
Cristina Granziera
Andrew C. Smith
Kenneth Arnold Weber
Julien Cohen-Adad
Spinal cord segmentation is clinically relevant and is notably used to compute spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) for the diagnosis and … (see more)monitoring of cord compression or neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While several semi and automatic methods exist, one key limitation remains: the segmentation depends on the MRI contrast, resulting in different CSA across contrasts. This is partly due to the varying appearance of the boundary between the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid that depends on the sequence and acquisition parameters. This contrast-sensitive CSA adds variability in multi-center studies where protocols can vary, reducing the sensitivity to detect subtle atrophies. Moreover, existing methods enhance the CSA variability by training one model per contrast, while also producing binary masks that do not account for partial volume effects. In this work, we present a deep learning-based method that produces soft segmentations of the spinal cord. Using the Spine Generic Public Database of healthy participants (
2023-10-23
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Towards AI-designed genomes using a variational autoencoder
N.K. Dudek
Doina Precup
Synthetic biology holds great promise for bioengineering applications such as environmental bioremediation, probiotic formulation, and produ… (see more)ction of renewable biofuels. Humans’ capacity to design biological systems from scratch is limited by their sheer size and complexity. We introduce a framework for training a machine learning model to learn the basic genetic principles underlying the gene composition of bacterial genomes. Our variational autoencoder model, DeepGenomeVector, was trained to take as input corrupted bacterial genetic blueprints (i.e. complete gene sets, henceforth ‘genome vectors’) in which most genes had been “removed”, and re-create the original. The resulting model effectively captures the complex dependencies in genomic networks, as evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative metrics. An in-depth functional analysis of a generated gene vector shows that its encoded pathways are interconnected and nearly complete. On the test set, where the model’s ability to re-generate the original, uncorrupted genome vector was evaluated, an AUC score of 0.98 and an F1 score of 0.82 provide support for the model’s ability to generate diverse, high-quality genome vectors. This work showcases the power of machine learning approaches for synthetic biology and highlights the possibility that just as humans can design an AI that animates a robot, AIs may one day be able to design a genomic blueprint that animates a carbon-based cell. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genomes serve as the blueprints for life, encoding complex networks of genes whose products must seamlessly interact to result in living organisms. In this work, we develop a framework for training a machine learning algorithm to learn the basic genetic principles that underlie genome composition. This innovation may eventually lead to improvements in the genome design process, increasing the speed and reliability of designs while decreasing cost. It further suggests that AI agents may one day have the potential to design blueprints for carbon-based life.
2023-10-22
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Unsupervised Improvement of Audio-Text Cross-Modal Representations
Zhepei Wang
Cem Subakan
Krishna Subramani
Junkai Wu
Tiago Tavares
Fabio Ayres
Paris Smaragdis
Recent advances in using language models to obtain cross-modal audio-text representations have overcome the limitations of conventional trai… (see more)ning approaches that use predefined labels. This has allowed the community to make progress in tasks like zero-shot classification, which would otherwise not be possible. However, learning such representations requires a large amount of human-annotated audio-text pairs. In this paper, we study unsupervised approaches to improve the learning framework of such representations with unpaired text and audio. We explore domain-unspecific and domain-specific curation methods to create audio-text pairs that we use to further improve the model. We also show that when domain-specific curation is used in conjunction with a soft-labeled contrastive loss, we are able to obtain significant improvement in terms of zero-shot classification performance on downstream sound event classification or acoustic scene classification tasks.
2023-10-22
2023 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA) (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org