Publications

Latent Idiom Recognition for a Minimalist Functional Array Language Using Equality Saturation

Jonathan Van Der Cruysse

Accelerating programs is typically done by recognizing code idioms matching high-performance libraries or hardware interfaces. However, reco… (see more)gnizing such idioms automatically is challenging. The idiom recognition machinery is difficult to write and requires expert knowledge. In addition, slight variations in the input program might hide the idiom and defeat the recognizer. This paper advocates for the use of a minimalist functional array language supporting a small, but expressive, set of operators. The minimalist design leads to a tiny sets of rewrite rules, which encode the language semantics. Crucially, the same minimalist language is also used to encode idioms. This removes the need for hand-crafted analysis passes, or for having to learn a complex domain-specific language to define the idioms. Coupled with equality saturation, this approach is able to match the core functions from the BLAS and PyTorch libraries on a set of computational kernels. Compared to reference C kernel implementations, the approach produces a geometric mean speedup of 1.46Ã— for C programs using BLAS, when generating such programs from the high-level minimalist language.

2024-03-02

2024 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO) (published)

doi.org

arxiv.org

Learning and Aligning Structured Random Feature Networks

Vivian White

Muawiz Sajjad Chaudhary

Guy Wolf

Guillaume Lajoie

Kameron Decker Harris

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are considered ``black boxes'' due to the difficulty of interpreting their learned weights. While choosin… (see more)g the best features is not well understood, random feature networks (RFNs) and wavelet scattering ground some ANN learning mechanisms in function space with tractable mathematics. Meanwhile, the genetic code has evolved over millions of years, shaping the brain to devlop variable neural circuits with reliable structure that resemble RFNs. We explore a similar approach, embedding neuro-inspired, wavelet-like weights into multilayer RFNs. These can outperform scattering and have kernels that describe their function space at large width. We build learnable and deeper versions of these models where we can optimize separate spatial and channel covariances of the convolutional weight distributions. We find that these networks can perform comparatively with conventional ANNs while dramatically reducing the number of trainable parameters. Channel covariances are most influential, and both weight and activation alignment are needed for classification performance. Our work outlines how neuro-inspired configurations may lead to better performance in key cases and offers a potentially tractable reduced model for ANN learning.

2024-03-02

ICLR.cc/2024/Workshop/Re-Align (poster)

openreview.net

Learning and Aligning Structured Random Feature Networks

Vivian White

Muawiz Sajjad Chaudhary

Guy Wolf

Guillaume Lajoie

Kameron Decker Harris

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are considered "black boxes'' due to the difficulty of interpreting their learned weights. While choosing… (see more) the best features is not well understood, random feature networks (RFNs) and wavelet scattering ground some ANN learning mechanisms in function space with tractable mathematics. Meanwhile, the genetic code has evolved over millions of years, shaping the brain to develop variable neural circuits with reliable structure that resemble RFNs. We explore a similar approach, embedding neuro-inspired, wavelet-like weights into multilayer RFNs. These can outperform scattering and have kernels that describe their function space at large width. We build learnable and deeper versions of these models where we can optimize separate spatial and channel covariances of the convolutional weight distributions. We find that these networks can perform comparatively with conventional ANNs while dramatically reducing the number of trainable parameters. Channel covariances are most influential, and both weight and activation alignment are needed for classification performance. Our work outlines how neuro-inspired configurations may lead to better performance in key cases and offers a potentially tractable reduced model for ANN learning.

2024-03-02

ICLR.cc/2024/Workshop/Re-Align (poster)

openreview.net

ADMM-Based Hierarchical Single-Loop Framework for EV Charging Scheduling Considering Power Flow Constraints

Sina Kiani

Keyhan Sheshyekani

Hanane Dagdougui

This article presents a three-layer hierarchical distributed framework for optimal electric vehicle charging scheduling (EVCS). The proposed… (see more) hierarchical EVCS structure includes a distribution system operator (DSO) at the top layer, electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs) at the middle layer, and electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations at the bottom layer. A single-loop iterative algorithm is developed to solve the EVCS problem by combining the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the distribution line power flow model (DistFlow). Using the single-loop structure, the primal variables of all agents are updated simultaneously at every iteration resulting in a reduced number of iterations and faster convergence. The developed framework is employed to provide charging cost minimization at the EV charging stations level, peak load shaving at the EVAs level, and voltage regulation at the DSO level. In order to further improve the performance of the optimization framework, a neural network-based load forecasting model is implemented to include the uncertainties related to non-EV residential load demand. The efficiency and the optimality of the proposed EVCS framework are evaluated through numerical simulations, conducted for a modified IEEE 13 bus test feeder with different EV penetration levels.

2024-03-01

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification (published)

doi.org

Decoding face recognition abilities in the human brain

Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand

Meike Ramon

Eva Bamps

Matteo Zoia

Jessica Woodhams

Anne-Raphaelle Richoz

Roberto Caldara

Frédéric Gosselin

Ian Charest

Why are some individuals better at recognising faces? Uncovering the neural mechanisms supporting face recognition ability has proven elusiv… (see more)e. To tackle this challenge, we used a multi-modal data-driven approach combining neuroimaging, computational modelling, and behavioural tests. We recorded the high-density electroencephalographic brain activity of individuals with extraordinary face recognition abilities—super-recognisers—and typical recognisers in response to diverse visual stimuli. Using multivariate pattern analyses, we decoded face recognition abilities from 1 second of brain activity with up to 80% accuracy. To better understand the mechanisms subtending this decoding, we compared computations in the brains of our participants with those in artificial neural network models of vision and semantics, as well as with those involved in human judgments of shape and meaning similarity. Compared to typical recognisers, we found stronger associations between early brain computations of super-recognisers and mid-level computations of vision models as well as shape similarity judgments. Moreover, we found stronger associations between late brain representations of super-recognisers and computations of the artificial semantic model as well as meaning similarity judgments. Overall, these results indicate that important individual variations in brain processing, including neural computations extending beyond purely visual processes, support differences in face recognition abilities. They provide the first empirical evidence for an association between semantic computations and face recognition abilities. We believe that such multi-modal data-driven approaches will likely play a critical role in further revealing the complex nature of idiosyncratic face recognition in the human brain. Significance The ability to robustly recognise faces is crucial to our success as social beings. Yet, we still know little about the brain mechanisms allowing some individuals to excel at face recognition. This study builds on a sizeable neural dataset measuring the brain activity of individuals with extraordinary face recognition abilities—super-recognisers—to tackle this challenge. Using state-of-the-art computational methods, we show robust prediction of face recognition abilities in single individuals from a mere second of brain activity, and revealed specific brain computations supporting individual differences in face recognition ability. Doing so, we provide direct empirical evidence for an association between semantic computations and face recognition abilities in the human brain—a key component of prominent face recognition models.

2024-03-01

PNAS Nexus (published)

doi.org

FedSwarm: An Adaptive Federated Learning Framework for Scalable AIoT

Haizhou Du

Chengdong Ni

Chaoqian Cheng

Qiao Xiang

Xi Chen

Xue (Steve) Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a key solution for datadriven the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). Although much progress has been made,… (see more) scalability remains a core challenge for real-world FL deployments. Existing solutions either suffer from accuracy loss or do not fully address the connectivity dynamicity of FL systems. In this article, we tackle the scalability issue with a novel, adaptive FL framework called FedSwarm, which improves system scalability for AIoT by deploying multiple collaborative edge servers. FedSwarm has two novel features: 1) adaptiveness on the number of local updates and 2) dynamicity of the synchronization between edge devices and edge servers. We formulate FedSwarm as a local update adaptation and perdevice dynamic server selection problem and prove FedSwarm‘s convergence bound. We further design a control mechanism consisting of a learning-based algorithm for collaboratively providing local update adaptation on the servers’ side and a bonus-based strategy for spurring dynamic per-device server selection on the devices’ side. Our extensive evaluation shows that FedSwarm significantly outperforms other studies with better scalability, lower energy consumption, and higher model accuracy.

2024-03-01

IEEE Internet of Things Journal (published)

doi.org

Heterogeneous ensemble prediction model of CO emission concentration in municipal solid waste incineration process using virtual data and real data hybrid-driven

Runyu Zhang

Jian Tang

Heng Xia

Jiakun Chen

Wen Yu

JunFei Qiao

2024-03-01

Journal of Cleaner Production (published)

doi.org

Implications of conscious AI in primary healthcare

Dorsai Ranjbari

Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi

2024-03-01

Family Medicine and Community Health (published)

doi.org

Iterative Graph Self-Distillation

Hanlin Zhang

Shuai Lin

Weiyang Liu

Pan Zhou

Jian Tang

Xiaodan Liang

Eric P. Xing

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the challenge of how to discriminatively vectorize graphs. To address this, we propose a met… (see more)hod called Iterative Graph Self-Distillation (IGSD) which learns graph-level representation in an unsupervised manner through instance discrimination using a self-supervised contrastive learning approach. IGSD involves a teacher-student distillation process that uses graph diffusion augmentations and constructs the teacher model using an exponential moving average of the student model. The intuition behind IGSD is to predict the teacher network representation of the graph pairs under different augmented views. As a natural extension, we also apply IGSD to semi-supervised scenarios by jointly regularizing the network with both supervised and self-supervised contrastive loss. Finally, we show that fine-tuning the IGSD-trained models with self-training can further improve graph representation learning. Empirically, we achieve significant and consistent performance gain on various graph datasets in both unsupervised and semi-supervised settings, which well validates the superiority of IGSD.

2024-03-01

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (published)

doi.org

openreview.net

Neural network prediction of the effect of thermomechanical controlled processing on mechanical properties

Sushant Sinha

Denzel Guye

Xiaoping Ma

Kashif Rehman

S. Yue

Narges Armanfard

2024-03-01