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Stefan Bauer

stefan.bauer@mila.quebec
Independent visiting researcher
Supervisor
Yoshua Bengio
Co-supervisor
Guillaume Lajoie
Google Scholar

Publications

Causal machine learning for single-cell genomics
Alejandro Tejada-Lapuerta
Paul Bertin
Stefan Bauer
Hananeh Aliee
Yoshua Bengio
Fabian J. Theis
2023-10-23
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Neural Causal Structure Discovery from Interventions
Nan Rosemary Ke
Olexa Bilaniuk
Anirudh Goyal
Stefan Bauer
Hugo Larochelle
Bernhard Schölkopf
Michael Curtis Mozer
Chris Pal
Yoshua Bengio
Recent promising results have generated a surge of interest in continuous optimization methods for causal discovery from observational data.… (see more) However, there are theoretical limitations on the identifiability of underlying structures obtained solely from observational data. Interventional data, on the other hand, provides richer information about the underlying data-generating process. Nevertheless, extending and applying methods designed for observational data to include interventions is a challenging problem. To address this issue, we propose a general framework based on neural networks to develop models that incorporate both observational and interventional data. Notably, our method can handle the challenging and realistic scenario where the identity of the intervened upon variable is unknown. We evaluate our proposed approach in the context of graph recovery, both de novo and from a partially-known edge set. Our method achieves strong benchmark results on various structure learning tasks, including structure recovery of synthetic graphs as well as standard graphs from the Bayesian Network Repository.
2023-09-10
TMLR (accepted)
openreview.net
openreview.net
Benchmarking Bayesian Causal Discovery Methods for Downstream Treatment Effect Estimation
Chris Emezue
Alexandre Drouin
Tristan Deleu
Stefan Bauer
Yoshua Bengio
2023-06-19
ICML.cc/2023/Workshop/SPIGM (poster)
doi.org
openreview.net
Learning Latent Structural Causal Models
Jithendaraa Subramanian
Yashas Annadani
Ivaxi Sheth
Nan Rosemary Ke
Tristan Deleu
Stefan Bauer
Derek Nowrouzezahrai
Samira Ebrahimi Kahou
Causal learning has long concerned itself with the accurate recovery of underlying causal mechanisms. Such causal modelling enables better e… (see more)xplanations of out-of-distribution data. Prior works on causal learning assume that the high-level causal variables are given. However, in machine learning tasks, one often operates on low-level data like image pixels or high-dimensional vectors. In such settings, the entire Structural Causal Model (SCM) -- structure, parameters, \textit{and} high-level causal variables -- is unobserved and needs to be learnt from low-level data. We treat this problem as Bayesian inference of the latent SCM, given low-level data. For linear Gaussian additive noise SCMs, we present a tractable approximate inference method which performs joint inference over the causal variables, structure and parameters of the latent SCM from random, known interventions. Experiments are performed on synthetic datasets and a causally generated image dataset to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. We also perform image generation from unseen interventions, thereby verifying out of distribution generalization for the proposed causal model.
2022-10-24
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
openreview.net
From Points to Functions: Infinite-dimensional Representations in Diffusion Models
Sarthak Mittal
Guillaume Lajoie
Stefan Bauer
Arash Mehrjou
Diffusion-based generative models learn to iteratively transfer unstructured noise to a complex target distribution as opposed to Generative… (see more) Adversarial Networks (GANs) or the decoder of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) which produce samples from the target distribution in a single step. Thus, in diffusion models every sample is naturally connected to a random trajectory which is a solution to a learned stochastic differential equation (SDE). Generative models are only concerned with the final state of this trajectory that delivers samples from the desired distribution. Abstreiter et. al showed that these stochastic trajectories can be seen as continuous filters that wash out information along the way. Consequently, it is reasonable to ask if there is an intermediate time step at which the preserved information is optimal for a given downstream task. In this work, we show that a combination of information content from different time steps gives a strictly better representation for the downstream task. We introduce an attention and recurrence based modules that ``learn to mix'' information content of various time-steps such that the resultant representation leads to superior performance in downstream tasks.
2022-03-28
ICLR.cc/2022/Workshop/DGM4HSD (poster)
doi.org
openreview.net
Identifying the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Brain Tumor Segmentation, Progression Assessment, and Overall Survival Prediction in the BRATS Challenge
Spyridon Bakas
Mauricio Reyes
Andras Jakab
Stefan. Bauer
Markus Rempfler
Alessandro Crimi
Russell T. Shinohara
Christoph Berger
Sung-min Ha
Martin Rozycki
Marcel W. Prastawa
Esther Alberts
Jana Lipková
John Freymann
Justin Kirby
Michel Bilello
Hassan M. Fathallah-Shaykh
Roland Wiest
J. Kirschke
Benedikt Wiestler … (see 31 more)
Rivka R. Colen
Aikaterini Kotrotsou
Pamela LaMontagne
D. Marcus
Mikhail Milchenko
Arash Nazeri
Marc-André Weber
Abhishek Mahajan
Ujjwal Baid
Dongjin Kwon
Manu Agarwal
Mahbubul Alam
Alberto Albiol
A. Albiol
Alex A. Varghese
T. Tuan
Tal Arbel
Aaron J. Avery
Bobade Pranjal
Subhashis Banerjee
Thomas H. Batchelder
Nematollah Batmanghelich
Enzo Battistella
Martin Bendszus
E. Benson
José Bernal
George Biros
Mariano Cabezas
Siddhartha Chandra
Yi-Ju Chang
et al.
Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancies, with different degrees of aggressiveness, variable prognosis and various heterogeneo… (see more)us histologic sub-regions, i.e., peritumoral edematous/invaded tissue, necrotic core, active and non-enhancing core. This intrinsic heterogeneity is also portrayed in their radio-phenotype, as their sub-regions are depicted by varying intensity profiles disseminated across multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) scans, reflecting varying biological properties. Their heterogeneous shape, extent, and location are some of the factors that make these tumors difficult to resect, and in some cases inoperable. The amount of resected tumoris a factor also considered in longitudinal scans, when evaluating the apparent tumor for potential diagnosis of progression. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that accurate segmentation of the various tumor sub-regions can offer the basis for quantitative image analysis towards prediction of patient overall survival. This study assesses thestate-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methods used for brain tumor image analysis in mpMRI scans, during the last seven instances of the International Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge, i.e., 2012-2018. Specifically, we focus on i) evaluating segmentations of the various glioma sub-regions in pre-operative mpMRI scans, ii) assessing potential tumor progression by virtue of longitudinal growth of tumor sub-regions, beyond use of the RECIST/RANO criteria, and iii) predicting the overall survival from pre-operative mpMRI scans of patients that underwent gross tota lresection. Finally, we investigate the challenge of identifying the best ML algorithms for each of these tasks, considering that apart from being diverse on each instance of the challenge, the multi-institutional mpMRI BraTS dataset has also been a continuously evolving/growing dataset.
2018-11-05
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org