Publications

Current works and future directions on application of machine learning in primary care
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
Vera Granikov
Pierre Pluye
In this short paper, we explained current machine learning works in primary care based on a scoping review that we performed. The performed … (see more)review was in line with the methodological framework proposed by Colquhoun and colleagues. Lastly, we discussed our observations and gave important directions to the future studies in this fast-growing area.
2020-05-27
International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems (published)
doi.org
Failure to follow medication changes made at hospital discharge is associated with adverse events in 30 days
Daniala L Weir
Aude Motulsky
Michal Abrahamowicz
Todd C. Lee
Steven Morgan
David Buckeridge
Robyn Tamblyn
2020-05-20
Health Services Research (published)
doi.org
Evaluating White Matter Lesion Segmentations with Refined Sørensen-Dice Analysis
Aaron Carass
Snehashis Roy
Adrian Gherman
Jacob C. Reinhold
Andrew Jesson
Tal Arbel
Oskar Maier
Heinz Handels
Mohsen Ghafoorian
Bram Platel
Ariel Birenbaum
Hayit Greenspan
Dzung L. Pham
Ciprian M. Crainiceanu
Peter A. Calabresi
Jerry L. Prince
William R. Gray Roncal
Russell T. Shinohara
Ipek Oguz
2020-05-19
Scientific Reports (published)
doi.org
An Analysis of the Adaptation Speed of Causal Models
Rémi LE PRIOL
Reza Babanezhad Harikandeh
Yoshua Bengio
Simon Lacoste-Julien
We consider the problem of discovering the causal process that generated a collection of datasets. We assume that all these datasets were ge… (see more)nerated by unknown sparse interventions on a structural causal model (SCM)
2020-05-18
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
COVI White Paper
Hannah Alsdurf
Yoshua Bengio
Tristan Deleu
Prateek Gupta
Daphne Ippolito
Richard Janda
Max Jarvie
Tyler J. Kolody
Sekoul Krastev
Tegan Maharaj
Robert Obryk
Dan Pilat
Valerie Pisano
Benjamin Prud'homme
Meng Qu
Nasim Rahaman
Irina Rish
Jean-franois Rousseau
abhinav sharma
Brooke Struck … (see 3 more)
Jian Tang
Martin Weiss
Yun William Yu
2020-05-18
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
Story Forest
Bang Liu
Fred X. Han
Di Niu
Linglong Kong
Kunfeng Lai
Yu Xu
Extracting events accurately from vast news corpora and organize events logically is critical for news apps and search engines, which aim to… (see more) organize news information collected from the Internet and present it to users in the most sensible forms. Intuitively speaking, an event is a group of news documents that report the same news incident possibly in different ways. In this article, we describe our experience of implementing a news content organization system at Tencent to discover events from vast streams of breaking news and to evolve news story structures in an online fashion. Our real-world system faces unique challenges in contrast to previous studies on topic detection and tracking (TDT) and event timeline or graph generation, in that we (1) need to accurately and quickly extract distinguishable events from massive streams of long text documents, and (2) must develop the structures of event stories in an online manner, in order to guarantee a consistent user viewing experience. In solving these challenges, we propose Story Forest, a set of online schemes that automatically clusters streaming documents into events, while connecting related events in growing trees to tell evolving stories. A core novelty of our Story Forest system is EventX, a semi-supervised scheme to extract events from massive Internet news corpora. EventX relies on a two-layered, graph-based clustering procedure to group documents into fine-grained events. We conducted extensive evaluations based on (1) 60 GB of real-world Chinese news data, (2) a large Chinese Internet news dataset that contains 11,748 news articles with truth event labels, and (3) the 20 News Groups English dataset, through detailed pilot user experience studies. The results demonstrate the superior capabilities of Story Forest to accurately identify events and organize news text into a logical structure that is appealing to human readers.
2020-05-13
ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (published)
doi.org
Leveraging exploration in off-policy algorithms via normalizing flows
Bogdan Mazoure
Thang Doan
Audrey Durand
(Rex) Devon Hjelm
Joelle Pineau
Exploration is a crucial component for discovering approximately optimal policies in most high-dimensional reinforcement learning (RL) setti… (see more)ngs with sparse rewards. Approaches such as neural density models and continuous exploration (e.g., Go-Explore) have been instrumental in recent advances. Soft actor-critic (SAC) is a method for improving exploration that aims to combine off-policy updates while maximizing the policy entropy. We extend SAC to a richer class of probability distributions through normalizing flows, which we show improves performance in exploration, sample complexity, and convergence. Finally, we show that not only the normalizing flow policy outperforms SAC on MuJoCo domains, it is also significantly lighter, using as low as 5.6% of the original network's parameters for similar performance.
2020-05-12
Proceedings of the Conference on Robot Learning (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
arxiv.org
Differential neural circuitry behind autism subtypes with imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior symptoms
Natasha Bertelsen
Isotta Landi
Richard A.I. Bethlehem
Jakob Seidlitz
Elena Maria Busuoli
Veronica Mandelli
Eleonora Satta
Stavros Trakoshis
Bonnie Auyeung
Prantik Kundu
Eva Loth
Guillaume Dumas
Sarah Baumeister
Christian Beckmann
Sven Bölte
Thomas Bourgeron
Tony Charman
Sarah Durston
Christine Ecker
Rosemary Holt … (see 15 more)
Mark Johnson
Emily J. H. Jones
Luke Mason
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
Carolin Moessnang
Marianne Oldehinkel
Antonio Persico
Julian Tillmann
Steven C. R. Williams
Will Spooren
Declan Murphy
Jan K. Buitelaar
Simon Baron-Cohen
Meng-Chuan Lai
Michael V. Lombardo
Social-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly … (see more)differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97-99%) out-of-sample SC=RRB, SC>RRB, and RRB>SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n=509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show subtype-specific qualitative differences compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC>RRB and visual association circuitry in SC=RRB. The SC=RRB subtype also showed hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these subtype-specific networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known ASD associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share some commonalities but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry.
2020-05-10
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
An Empirical Study of Human Behavioral Agents in Bandits, Contextual Bandits and Reinforcement Learning.
Baihan Lin
Guillermo Cecchi
Djallel Bouneffouf
Jenna Reinen
Irina Rish
Artificial behavioral agents are often evaluated based on their consistent behaviors and performance to take sequential actions in an enviro… (see more)nment to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. However, human decision making in real life usually involves different strategies and behavioral trajectories that lead to the same empirical outcome. Motivated by clinical literature of a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, we propose here a more general and flexible parametric framework for sequential decision making that involves a two-stream reward processing mechanism. We demonstrated that this framework is flexible and unified enough to incorporate a family of problems spanning multi-armed bandits (MAB), contextual bandits (CB) and reinforcement learning (RL), which decompose the sequential decision making process in different levels. Inspired by the known reward processing abnormalities of many mental disorders, our clinically-inspired agents demonstrated interesting behavioral trajectories and comparable performance on simulated tasks with particular reward distributions, a real-world dataset capturing human decision-making in gambling tasks, and the PacMan game across different reward stationarities in a lifelong learning setting.
2020-05-10
(published)
www.semanticscholar.org
Unified Models of Human Behavioral Agents in Bandits, Contextual Bandits and RL
Baihan Lin
Guillermo Cecchi
Djallel Bouneffouf
Jenna Reinen
Irina Rish
2020-05-10
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
Desirable features in a decision aid for prenatal screening – what do pregnant women and their partners think? A mixed methods pilot study
Titilayo Tatiana Agbadje
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
Mélissa Côté
Andrée-Anne Tremblay
Mariama Penda Diallo
Hélène Elidor
Alex Poulin Herron
Codjo Djignefa Djade
France Légaré
Background To help pregnant women and their partners make informed value-congruent decisions about Down syndrome prenatal screening, our te… (see more)am developed two successive versions of a decision aid (DAv2017 and DAv2014). We aimed to assess pregnant women and their partners’ perceptions of the usefulness of the two DAs for preparing for decision making, their relative acceptability and their most desirable features. Methods This is a mixed methods pilot study. We recruited participants of study (women and their partners) when consulting for prenatal care in three clinical sites in Quebec City. To be eligible, women had to: (a) be at least 18 years old; (b) be more than 16 weeks pregnant; or having given birth in the previous year and (c) be able to speak and write in French or English. Both women and partners were invited to give their informed consent. We collected quantitative data on the usefulness of the DAs for preparing for decision making and their relative acceptability. We developed an interview grid based on the Technology Acceptance Model and Acceptability questionnaire to explore their perceptions of the most desirable features. We performed descriptive statistics and deductive analysis. Results Overall, 23 couples and 16 individual women participated in the study. The majority of participants were between 25 and 34 years old (79% of women and 59% of partners) and highly educated (66.7% of women and 54% of partners had a university-level education). DAv2017 scored higher for usefulness for preparing for decision making (86.2 ± 13 out of 100 for DAv2017 and 77.7 ± 14 for DAv2014). For most dimensions, DAv2017 was more acceptable than DAv2014 (e.g. the amount of information was found “just right” by 80% of participants for DAv2017 against 56% for DAv2014). However, participants preferred the presentation and the values clarification exercise of DAv2014. In their opinion, neither DA presented information in a completely balanced manner. They suggested adding more information about raising Down syndrome children, replacing frequencies with percentages, different values clarification methods, and a section for the partner. Conclusions A new user-centered version of the prenatal screening DA will integrate participants’ suggestions to reflect end users’ priorities.
2020-05-08
(published)
doi.org
Suitable e-Health Solutions for Older Adults with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Perceptions of Health and Social Care Providers in Quebec City
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Mame Ndiaye
Mylène Boucher
Samantha Dequanter
Ronald Buyl
Ellen Gorus
Anne Bourbonnais
Anik Giguère
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
: e-Health solutions offer a potential to improve the quality of life and safety of older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment … (see more)(MCI). In making better decisions for using eHealth technologies, health professionals should be aware and well informed about existing tools. Recent research shows the lack of knowledge on these technologies for older adults with dementia. In Quebec, current market offer for these technologies is supply-based, and not need-based. This study is part of a larger project and aims to understand the perceptions and needs of health and social care providers regarding e-health technologies for older adults with dementia or MCI. One focus group was carried out with six health and social care professionals at the St-Sacrement Hospital in Quebec City, Canada. The focus group enquired about the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with older adults with cognitive impairment. Relevant examples of ICTs were presented to assess their knowledge level. The discussion was tape-recorded and transcripts were coded using the Nvivo software. Results revealed that aside from fall safety technologies, there is a lack of knowledge about other e-Health technologies for this population. Respondents acknowledged the value of ICTs and were willing to recommend some of them. Economic reasons, blind trust on ICTs and lack of confidence in patients’ capacity to use the solutions were the major limitations identified.
2020-05-03
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health (published)
doi.org