Publications

Can Forward Gradient Match Backpropagation?
Louis Fournier
Stephane Rivaud
Eugene Belilovsky
Michael Eickenberg
Edouard Oyallon
Forward Gradients - the idea of using directional derivatives in forward differentiation mode - have recently been shown to be utilizable fo… (see more)r neural network training while avoiding problems generally associated with backpropagation gradient computation, such as locking and memorization requirements. The cost is the requirement to guess the step direction, which is hard in high dimensions. While current solutions rely on weighted averages over isotropic guess vector distributions, we propose to strongly bias our gradient guesses in directions that are much more promising, such as feedback obtained from small, local auxiliary networks. For a standard computer vision neural network, we conduct a rigorous study systematically covering a variety of combinations of gradient targets and gradient guesses, including those previously presented in the literature. We find that using gradients obtained from a local loss as a candidate direction drastically improves on random noise in Forward Gradient methods.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Can We Scale Transformers to Predict Parameters of Diverse ImageNet Models?
Boris Knyazev
DOHA HWANG
Simon Lacoste-Julien
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Convergence of Proximal Point and Extragradient-Based Methods Beyond Monotonicity: the Case of Negative Comonotonicity
Eduard Gorbunov
Adrien Taylor
Samuel Horváth
Gauthier Gidel
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
openreview.net
CrossSplit: Mitigating Label Noise Memorization through Data Splitting
Jihye Kim
Aristide Baratin
Yan Zhang
Simon Lacoste-Julien
We approach the problem of improving robustness of deep learning algorithms in the presence of label noise. Building upon existing label cor… (see more)rection and co-teaching methods, we propose a novel training procedure to mitigate the memorization of noisy labels, called CrossSplit, which uses a pair of neural networks trained on two disjoint parts of the labeled dataset. CrossSplit combines two main ingredients: (i) Cross-split label correction. The idea is that, since the model trained on one part of the data cannot memorize example-label pairs from the other part, the training labels presented to each network can be smoothly adjusted by using the predictions of its peer network; (ii) Cross-split semi-supervised training. A network trained on one part of the data also uses the unlabeled inputs of the other part. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Tiny-ImageNet and mini-WebVision datasets demonstrate that our method can outperform the current state-of-the-art in a wide range of noise ratios. The project page is at https://rlawlgul.github.io/.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Discovering Object-Centric Generalized Value Functions From Pixels
Somjit Nath
Gopeshh Raaj Subbaraj
Khimya Khetarpal
Samira Ebrahimi Kahou
Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown significant progress in extracting useful representations from high-dimensional inputs albeit using ha… (see more)nd-crafted auxiliary tasks and pseudo rewards. Automatically learning such representations in an object-centric manner geared towards control and fast adaptation remains an open research problem. In this paper, we introduce a method that tries to discover meaningful features from objects, translating them to temporally coherent"question"functions and leveraging the subsequent learned general value functions for control. We compare our approach with state-of-the-art techniques alongside other ablations and show competitive performance in both stationary and non-stationary settings. Finally, we also investigate the discovered general value functions and through qualitative analysis show that the learned representations are not only interpretable but also, centered around objects that are invariant to changes across tasks facilitating fast adaptation.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Discrete Key-Value Bottleneck
Frederik Träuble
Anirudh Goyal
Nasim Rahaman
Michael Curtis Mozer
Kenji Kawaguchi
Yoshua Bengio
Bernhard Schölkopf
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Equivariance with Learned Canonicalization Functions
Sékou-Oumar Kaba
Arnab Kumar Mondal
Yan Zhang
Yoshua Bengio
Siamak Ravanbakhsh
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
FAENet: Frame Averaging Equivariant GNN for Materials Modeling
Alexandre AGM Duval
Victor Schmidt
Alex Hernandez-Garcia
Santiago Miret
Fragkiskos D. Malliaros
Yoshua Bengio
David Rolnick
Applications of machine learning techniques for materials modeling typically involve functions known to be equivariant or invariant to speci… (see more)fic symmetries. While graph neural networks (GNNs) have proven successful in such tasks, they enforce symmetries via the model architecture, which often reduces their expressivity, scalability and comprehensibility. In this paper, we introduce (1) a flexible framework relying on stochastic frame-averaging (SFA) to make any model E(3)-equivariant or invariant through data transformations. (2) FAENet: a simple, fast and expressive GNN, optimized for SFA, that processes geometric information without any symmetrypreserving design constraints. We prove the validity of our method theoretically and empirically demonstrate its superior accuracy and computational scalability in materials modeling on the OC20 dataset (S2EF, IS2RE) as well as common molecular modeling tasks (QM9, QM7-X). A package implementation is available at https://faenet.readthedocs.io.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Flexible Phase Dynamics for Bio-Plausible Contrastive Learning
Ezekiel Williams
Colin Bredenberg
Guillaume Lajoie
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
FusionRetro: Molecule Representation Fusion via In-Context Learning for Retrosynthetic Planning
Songtao Liu
Zhengkai Tu
Minkai Xu
Zuobai Zhang
Lu Lin
Zhitao Ying
Rex Ying
Jian Tang
Peilin Zhao
Dinghao Wu
Retrosynthetic planning aims to devise a complete multi-step synthetic route from starting materials to a target molecule. Current strategie… (see more)s use a decoupled approach of single-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms, taking only the product as the input to predict the reactants for each planning step and ignoring valuable context information along the synthetic route. In this work, we propose a novel framework that utilizes context information for improved retrosynthetic planning. We view synthetic routes as reaction graphs and propose to incorporate context through three principled steps: encode molecules into embeddings, aggregate information over routes, and readout to predict reactants. Our approach is the first attempt to utilize in-context learning for retrosynthesis prediction in retrosynthetic planning. The entire framework can be efficiently optimized in an end-to-end fashion and produce more practical and accurate predictions. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that by fusing in the context information over routes, our model significantly improves the performance of retrosynthetic planning over baselines that are not context-aware, especially for long synthetic routes. Code is available at https://github.com/SongtaoLiu0823/FusionRetro.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
openreview.net
GFlowNet-EM for Learning Compositional Latent Variable Models
Edward J Hu
Nikolay Malkin
Moksh J. Jain
Katie E Everett
Alexandros Graikos
Yoshua Bengio
Latent variable models (LVMs) with discrete compositional latents are an important but challenging setting due to a combinatorially large nu… (see more)mber of possible configurations of the latents. A key tradeoff in modeling the posteriors over latents is between expressivity and tractable optimization. For algorithms based on expectation-maximization (EM), the E-step is often intractable without restrictive approximations to the posterior. We propose the use of GFlowNets, algorithms for sampling from an unnormalized density by learning a stochastic policy for sequential construction of samples, for this intractable E-step. By training GFlowNets to sample from the posterior over latents, we take advantage of their strengths as amortized variational inference algorithms for complex distributions over discrete structures. Our approach, GFlowNet-EM, enables the training of expressive LVMs with discrete compositional latents, as shown by experiments on non-context-free grammar induction and on images using discrete variational autoencoders (VAEs) without conditional independence enforced in the encoder.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
A Group Symmetric Stochastic Differential Equation Model for Molecule Multi-modal Pretraining
Shengchao Liu
weitao Du
Zhi-Ming Ma
Hongyu Guo
Jian Tang
Molecule pretraining has quickly become the go-to schema to boost the performance of AI-based drug discovery. Naturally, molecules can be re… (see more)presented as 2D topological graphs or 3D geometric point clouds. Although most existing pertaining methods focus on merely the single modality, recent research has shown that maximizing the mutual information (MI) between such two modalities enhances the molecule representation ability. Meanwhile, existing molecule multi-modal pretraining approaches approximate MI based on the representation space encoded from the topology and geometry, thus resulting in the loss of critical structural information of molecules. To address this issue, we propose MoleculeSDE. MoleculeSDE leverages group symmetric (e.g., SE(3)-equivariant and reflection-antisymmetric) stochastic differential equation models to generate the 3D geometries from 2D topologies, and vice versa, directly in the input space. It not only obtains tighter MI bound but also enables prosperous downstream tasks than the previous work. By comparing with 17 pretraining baselines, we empirically verify that MoleculeSDE can learn an expressive representation with state-of-the-art performance on 26 out of 32 downstream tasks.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net