Jiarui Lu

Self-Evolving Curriculum for LLM Reasoning

Minsu Kim

Alex Pich'e

Nicolas Gontier

Yoshua Bengio

Ehsan Kamalloo

2025-05-20

ArXiv (preprint)

Aligning Protein Conformation Ensemble Generation with Physical Feedback

Xiaoyin Chen

Stephen Zhewen Lu

Aurelie Lozano

Vijil Chenthamarakshan

Payel Das

Protein dynamics play a crucial role in protein biological functions and properties, and their traditional study typically relies on time-co… (see more)nsuming molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted in silico. Recent advances in generative modeling, particularly denoising diffusion models, have enabled efficient accurate protein structure prediction and conformation sampling by learning distributions over crystallographic structures. However, effectively integrating physical supervision into these data-driven approaches remains challenging, as standard energy-based objectives often lead to intractable optimization. In this paper, we introduce Energy-based Alignment (EBA), a method that aligns generative models with feedback from physical models, efficiently calibrating them to appropriately balance conformational states based on their energy differences. Experimental results on the MD ensemble benchmark demonstrate that EBA achieves state-of-the-art performance in generating high-quality protein ensembles. By improving the physical plausibility of generated structures, our approach enhances model predictions and holds promise for applications in structural biology and drug discovery.

2025-05-01

ICML.cc/2025/Conference (poster)

Self-Evolving Curriculum for LLM Reasoning

Minsu Kim

Alexandre Piché

Nicolas Gontier

Yoshua Bengio

Ehsan Kamalloo

2025-05-01

arXiv (published)

A Text-guided Protein Design Framework

Shengchao Liu

Yanjing Li

Zhuoxinran Li

Anthony Gitter

Yutao Zhu

Zhao Xu

Weili Nie

Arvind Ramanathan

Chaowei Xiao

Hongyu Guo

Animashree Anandkumar

2025-03-27

Nature Machine Intelligence (published)

Towards Protein Sequence & Structure Co-Design with Multi-Modal Language Models

Stephen Zhewen Lu

Hongyu Guo

Proteins perform diverse biological functions, governed by the intricate relationship between their sequence and three-dimensional structure… (see more). While protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in functional annotation and structure prediction, their potential for sequence-structure co-design remains underexplored. This limitation arises from pre-training objectives that favor masked token prediction over generative modeling. In this work, we systematically explore sampling strategies to enhance the generative capabilities of PLMs for co-design. Notably, we introduce a ranked iterative decoding with re-masking scheme, enabling PLMs to generate sequences and structures more effectively. Benchmarking ESM3 across multiple scales, we demonstrate that using PLMs effectively at sampling time for co-design tasks can outperform specialized architectures that lack comparable scaling properties. Our work advances the field of computational protein design by equipping PLMs with robust generative capabilities tailored to sequence-structure interdependence.

2025-03-06

ICLR.cc/2025/Workshop/LMRL (published)

Towards Protein Sequence & Structure Co-Design with Multi-Modal Language Models

Stephen Zhewen Lu

Hongyu Guo

Proteins perform diverse biological functions, governed by the intricate relationship between their sequence and three-dimensional structure… (see more). While protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in functional annotation and structure prediction, their potential for sequence-structure co-design remains underexplored. This limitation arises from pre-training objectives that favor masked token prediction over generative modeling. In this work, we systematically explore sampling strategies to enhance the generative capabilities of PLMs for co-design. Notably, we introduce a ranked iterative decoding with re-masking scheme, enabling PLMs to generate sequences and structures more effectively. Benchmarking ESM3 across multiple scales, we demonstrate that using PLMs effectively at sampling time for co-design tasks can outperform specialized architectures that lack comparable scaling properties. Our work advances the field of computational protein design by equipping PLMs with robust generative capabilities tailored to sequence-structure interdependence.

2025-03-06

ICLR.cc/2025/Workshop/LMRL (published)

Structure Language Models for Protein Conformation Generation

Stephen Zhewen Lu

Hongyu Guo

2025-01-22

ICLR.cc/2025/Conference (poster)

Reaction-conditioned De Novo Enzyme Design with GENzyme

Chenqing Hua

Yong Liu

Odin Zhang

Rex Ying

Wengong Jin

Shuangjia Zheng

The introduction of models like RFDiffusionAA, AlphaFold3, AlphaProteo, and Chai1 has revolutionized protein structure modeling and interact… (see more)ion prediction, primarily from a binding perspective, focusing on creating ideal lock-and-key models. However, these methods can fall short for enzyme-substrate interactions, where perfect binding models are rare, and induced fit states are more common. To address this, we shift to a functional perspective for enzyme design, where the enzyme function is defined by the reaction it catalyzes. Here, we introduce \textsc{GENzyme}, a \textit{de novo} enzyme design model that takes a catalytic reaction as input and generates the catalytic pocket, full enzyme structure, and enzyme-substrate binding complex. \textsc{GENzyme} is an end-to-end, three-staged model that integrates (1) a catalytic pocket generation and sequence co-design module, (2) a pocket inpainting and enzyme inverse folding module, and (3) a binding and screening module to optimize and predict enzyme-substrate complexes. The entire design process is driven by the catalytic reaction being targeted. This reaction-first approach allows for more accurate and biologically relevant enzyme design, potentially surpassing structure-based and binding-focused models in creating enzymes capable of catalyzing specific reactions. We provide \textsc{GENzyme} code at https://github.com/WillHua127/GENzyme.

2024-11-10

ArXiv (preprint)

Reaction-conditioned De Novo Enzyme Design with GENzyme

Chenqing Hua

Yong Liu

Odin Zhang

Rex Ying

Wengong Jin

Shuangjia Zheng

The introduction of models like RFDiffusionAA, AlphaFold3, AlphaProteo, and Chai1 has revolutionized protein structure modeling and interact… (see more)ion prediction, primarily from a binding perspective, focusing on creating ideal lock-and-key models. However, these methods can fall short for enzyme-substrate interactions, where perfect binding models are rare, and induced fit states are more common. To address this, we shift to a functional perspective for enzyme design, where the enzyme function is defined by the reaction it catalyzes. Here, we introduce \textsc{GENzyme}, a \textit{de novo} enzyme design model that takes a catalytic reaction as input and generates the catalytic pocket, full enzyme structure, and enzyme-substrate binding complex. \textsc{GENzyme} is an end-to-end, three-staged model that integrates (1) a catalytic pocket generation and sequence co-design module, (2) a pocket inpainting and enzyme inverse folding module, and (3) a binding and screening module to optimize and predict enzyme-substrate complexes. The entire design process is driven by the catalytic reaction being targeted. This reaction-first approach allows for more accurate and biologically relevant enzyme design, potentially surpassing structure-based and binding-focused models in creating enzymes capable of catalyzing specific reactions. We provide \textsc{GENzyme} code at https://github.com/WillHua127/GENzyme.

2024-11-10

ArXiv (preprint)

Reaction-conditioned De Novo Enzyme Design with GENzyme

Chenqing Hua

Yong Liu

Odin Zhang

Rex Ying

Wengong Jin

Shuangjia Zheng

The introduction of models like RFDiffusionAA, AlphaFold3, AlphaProteo, and Chai1 has revolutionized protein structure modeling and interact… (see more)ion prediction, primarily from a binding perspective, focusing on creating ideal lock-and-key models. However, these methods can fall short for enzyme-substrate interactions, where perfect binding models are rare, and induced fit states are more common. To address this, we shift to a functional perspective for enzyme design, where the enzyme function is defined by the reaction it catalyzes. Here, we introduce \textsc{GENzyme}, a \textit{de novo} enzyme design model that takes a catalytic reaction as input and generates the catalytic pocket, full enzyme structure, and enzyme-substrate binding complex. \textsc{GENzyme} is an end-to-end, three-staged model that integrates (1) a catalytic pocket generation and sequence co-design module, (2) a pocket inpainting and enzyme inverse folding module, and (3) a binding and screening module to optimize and predict enzyme-substrate complexes. The entire design process is driven by the catalytic reaction being targeted. This reaction-first approach allows for more accurate and biologically relevant enzyme design, potentially surpassing structure-based and binding-focused models in creating enzymes capable of catalyzing specific reactions. We provide \textsc{GENzyme} code at https://github.com/WillHua127/GENzyme.

2024-11-10

ArXiv (preprint)

Reaction-conditioned De Novo Enzyme Design with GENzyme

Chenqing Hua

Yong Liu

Odin Zhang

Rex Ying

Wengong Jin

Shuangjia Zheng

The introduction of models like RFDiffusionAA, AlphaFold3, AlphaProteo, and Chai1 has revolutionized protein structure modeling and interact… (see more)ion prediction, primarily from a binding perspective, focusing on creating ideal lock-and-key models. However, these methods can fall short for enzyme-substrate interactions, where perfect binding models are rare, and induced fit states are more common. To address this, we shift to a functional perspective for enzyme design, where the enzyme function is defined by the reaction it catalyzes. Here, we introduce \textsc{GENzyme}, a \textit{de novo} enzyme design model that takes a catalytic reaction as input and generates the catalytic pocket, full enzyme structure, and enzyme-substrate binding complex. \textsc{GENzyme} is an end-to-end, three-staged model that integrates (1) a catalytic pocket generation and sequence co-design module, (2) a pocket inpainting and enzyme inverse folding module, and (3) a binding and screening module to optimize and predict enzyme-substrate complexes. The entire design process is driven by the catalytic reaction being targeted. This reaction-first approach allows for more accurate and biologically relevant enzyme design, potentially surpassing structure-based and binding-focused models in creating enzymes capable of catalyzing specific reactions. We provide \textsc{GENzyme} code at https://github.com/WillHua127/GENzyme.

2024-11-10

ArXiv (preprint)