Portrait of Xinyu Yuan

Xinyu Yuan

PhD - Université de Montréal
Supervisor
Jian Tang
Research Topics
AI for Science
Computational Biology
Deep Learning
Generative Models
Graph Neural Networks
Knowledge Graphs
Multimodal Learning
Out-of-Distribution (OOD) Generalization
Representation Learning
Single-Cell Genomics
Google Scholar
GitHub

Publications

Cell ontology guided transcriptome foundation model
Xinyu Yuan
Zhihao Zhan
Zuobai Zhang
Manqi Zhou
Jianan Zhao
Boyu Han
Yue Li
Jian Tang
Transcriptome foundation models (TFMs) hold great promises of deciphering the transcriptomic language that dictate diverse cell functions by… (see more) self-supervised learning on large-scale single-cell gene expression data, and ultimately unraveling the complex mechanisms of human diseases. However, current TFMs treat cells as independent samples and ignore the taxonomic relationships between cell types, which are available in cell ontology graphs. We argue that effectively leveraging this ontology information during the TFM pre-training can improve learning biologically meaningful gene co-expression patterns while preserving TFM as a general purpose foundation model for downstream zero-shot and fine-tuning tasks. To this end, we present **s**ingle **c**ell, **Cell-o**ntology guided TFM (scCello). We introduce cell-type coherence loss and ontology alignment loss, which are minimized along with the masked gene expression prediction loss during the pre-training. The novel loss component guide scCello to learn the cell-type-specific representation and the structural relation between cell types from the cell ontology graph, respectively. We pre-trained scCello on 22 million cells from CellxGene database leveraging their cell-type labels mapped to the cell ontology graph from Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry. Our TFM demonstrates competitive generalization and transferability performance over the existing TFMs on biologically important tasks including identifying novel cell types of unseen cells, prediction of cell-type-specific marker genes, and cancer drug responses.
2024-10-11
NeurIPS.cc/2024/Workshop/FM4Science (poster)
openreview.net
openreview.net
Cell ontology guided transcriptome foundation model
Xinyu Yuan
Zhihao Zhan
Zuobai Zhang
Manqi Zhou
Jianan Zhao
Boyu Han
Yue Li
Jian Tang
Transcriptome foundation models (TFMs) hold great promises of deciphering the transcriptomic language that dictate diverse cell functions by… (see more) self-supervised learning on large-scale single-cell gene expression data, and ultimately unraveling the complex mechanisms of human diseases. However, current TFMs treat cells as independent samples and ignore the taxonomic relationships between cell types, which are available in cell ontology graphs. We argue that effectively leveraging this ontology information during the TFM pre-training can improve learning biologically meaningful gene co-expression patterns while preserving TFM as a general purpose foundation model for downstream zero-shot and fine-tuning tasks. To this end, we present **s**ingle **c**ell, **Cell**-**o**ntology guided TFM (scCello). We introduce cell-type coherence loss and ontology alignment loss, which are minimized along with the masked gene expression prediction loss during the pre-training. The novel loss component guide scCello to learn the cell-type-specific representation and the structural relation between cell types from the cell ontology graph, respectively. We pre-trained scCello on 22 million cells from CellxGene database leveraging their cell-type labels mapped to the cell ontology graph from Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry. Our TFM demonstrates competitive generalization and transferability performance over the existing TFMs on biologically important tasks including identifying novel cell types of unseen cells, prediction of cell-type-specific marker genes, and cancer drug responses. Source code and model weights are available at https://github.com/DeepGraphLearning/scCello.
2024-09-25
NeurIPS.cc/2024/Conference (spotlight)
openreview.net
openreview.net
Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoning
Mikhail Galkin
Xinyu Yuan
Hesham Mostafa
Jian Tang
Zhaocheng Zhu
Foundation models in language and vision have the ability to run inference on any textual and visual inputs thanks to the transferable repre… (see more)sentations such as a vocabulary of tokens in language. Knowledge graphs (KGs) have different entity and relation vocabularies that generally do not overlap. The key challenge of designing foundation models on KGs is to learn such transferable representations that enable inference on any graph with arbitrary entity and relation vocabularies. In this work, we make a step towards such foundation models and present ULTRA, an approach for learning universal and transferable graph representations. ULTRA builds relational representations as a function conditioned on their interactions. Such a conditioning strategy allows a pre-trained ULTRA model to inductively generalize to any unseen KG with any relation vocabulary and to be fine-tuned on any graph. Conducting link prediction experiments on 57 different KGs, we find that the zero-shot inductive inference performance of a single pre-trained ULTRA model on unseen graphs of various sizes is often on par or better than strong baselines trained on specific graphs. Fine-tuning further boosts the performance.
2024-01-16
ICLR.cc/2024/Conference (poster)
doi.org
openreview.net
A*Net: A Scalable Path-based Reasoning Approach for Knowledge Graphs
Zhaocheng Zhu
Xinyu Yuan
Mikhail Galkin
Louis-Pascal Xhonneux
Sophie Xhonneux
Ming Zhang
Maxime Gazeau
Jian Tang
openreview.net
ProtST: Multi-Modality Learning of Protein Sequences and Biomedical Texts
Minghao Xu
Xinyu Yuan
Santiago Miret
Jian Tang
Current protein language models (PLMs) learn protein representations mainly based on their sequences, thereby well capturing co-evolutionary… (see more) information, but they are unable to explicitly acquire protein functions, which is the end goal of protein representation learning. Fortunately, for many proteins, their textual property descriptions are available, where their various functions are also described. Motivated by this fact, we first build the ProtDescribe dataset to augment protein sequences with text descriptions of their functions and other important properties. Based on this dataset, we propose the ProtST framework to enhance Protein Sequence pre-training and understanding by biomedical Texts. During pre-training, we design three types of tasks, i.e., unimodal mask prediction, multimodal representation alignment and multimodal mask prediction, to enhance a PLM with protein property information with different granularities and, at the same time, preserve the PLM’s original representation power. On downstream tasks, ProtST enables both supervised learning and zero-shot prediction. We verify the superiority of ProtST-induced PLMs over previous ones on diverse representation learning benchmarks. Under the zero-shot setting, we show the effectiveness of ProtST on zero-shot protein classification, and ProtST also enables functional protein retrieval from a large-scale database without any function annotation.
2023-07-03
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
ProtST: Multi-Modality Learning of Protein Sequences and Biomedical Texts
Minghao Xu
Xinyu Yuan
Santiago Miret
Jian Tang
Current protein language models (PLMs) learn protein representations mainly based on their sequences, thereby well capturing co-evolutionary… (see more) information, but they are unable to explicitly acquire protein functions, which is the end goal of protein representation learning. Fortunately, for many proteins, their textual property descriptions are available, where their various functions are also described. Motivated by this fact, we first build the ProtDescribe dataset to augment protein sequences with text descriptions of their functions and other important properties. Based on this dataset, we propose the ProtST framework to enhance Protein Sequence pre-training and understanding by biomedical Texts. During pre-training, we design three types of tasks, i.e., unimodal mask prediction, multimodal representation alignment and multimodal mask prediction, to enhance a PLM with protein property information with different granularities and, at the same time, preserve the PLM's original representation power. On downstream tasks, ProtST enables both supervised learning and zero-shot prediction. We verify the superiority of ProtST-induced PLMs over previous ones on diverse representation learning benchmarks. Under the zero-shot setting, we show the effectiveness of ProtST on zero-shot protein classification, and ProtST also enables functional protein retrieval from a large-scale database without any function annotation.
2023-04-24
ICML.cc/2023/Conference (published)
doi.org
openreview.net