Mila’s AI for Climate Studio aims to bridge the gap between technology and impact to unlock the potential of AI in tackling the climate crisis rapidly and on a massive scale.
The program recently published its first policy brief, titled "Policy Considerations at the Intersection of Quantum Technologies and Artificial Intelligence," authored by Padmapriya Mohan.
Hugo Larochelle appointed Scientific Director of Mila
An adjunct professor at the Université de Montréal and former head of Google's AI lab in Montréal, Hugo Larochelle is a pioneer in deep learning and one of Canada’s most respected researchers.
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Proto-value functions (PVFs) introduced Laplacian embeddings as an effective feature basis for value-function approximation; however, their … (see more)utility remained limited to small, fully known state spaces. Recent work has scaled Laplacian embeddings to high-dimensional inputs, using them for reward shaping and option discovery in goal-directed tasks, yet only as auxiliary signals, rather than directly using them as features for value functions. In this paper, we learn Laplacian eigenvectors online and employ them as features for Q-learning in 23 Atari games. We empirically demonstrate that these online–learned embeddings substantially improve model-free RL in large, high-dimensional domains. We demonstrate that enriching state representations with action embeddings yields additional gains under both behavior-policy and uniform-random policies. Additionally, we introduce the Fusion architecture, which augments the representation with useful inductive bias at the embedding level. To assess the usefulness of each embedding used in the Fusion architecture, we use Shapley values analysis.
Despite substantial progress in machine learning for scientific discovery in recent years, truly de novo design of small molecules which exh… (see more)ibit a property of interest remains a significant challenge. We introduce LambdaZero, a generative active learning approach to search for synthesizable molecules. Powered by deep reinforcement learning, LambdaZero learns to search over the vast space of molecules to discover candidates with a desired property. We apply LambdaZero with molecular docking to design novel small molecules that inhibit the enzyme soluble Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (sEH), while enforcing constraints on synthesizability and drug-likeliness. LambdaZero provides an exponential speedup in terms of the number of calls to the expensive molecular docking oracle, and LambdaZero de novo designed molecules reach docking scores that would otherwise require the virtual screening of a hundred billion molecules. Importantly, LambdaZero discovers novel scaffolds of synthesizable, drug-like inhibitors for sEH. In in vitro experimental validation, a series of ligands from a generated quinazoline-based scaffold were synthesized, and the lead inhibitor N-(4,6-di(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinazolin-2-yl)-N-methylbenzamide (UM0152893) displayed sub-micromolar enzyme inhibition of sEH.