Publications

Leishmania parasites exchange drug-resistance genes through extracellular vesicles
Noélie Douanne
George Dong
Atia Amin
Lorena Bernardo
Mathieu Blanchette
David Langlais
Martin Olivier
Christopher Fernandez-Prada
2022-07-01
Cell Reports (published)
doi.org
Naming Autism in the Right Context
Andres Roman-Urrestarazu
Guillaume Dumas
Varun Warrier
2022-07-01
JAMA Pediatrics (published)
doi.org
R-MelNet: Reduced Mel-Spectral Modeling for Neural TTS
Kyle Kastner
Aaron Courville
2022-06-30
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A guided multiverse study of neuroimaging analyses
Jessica Dafflon
Pedro F. Da Costa
František Váša
Ricardo Pio Monti
Danilo Bzdok
Peter J. Hellyer
Federico Turkheimer
Jonathan Smallwood
Emily J. H. Jones
Robert Leech
2022-06-29
Nature Communications (published)
doi.org
Integrating Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion throughout the lifecycle of Artificial Intelligence in health
Milka Nyariro
Elham Emami
Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi
Health care systems are the infrastructures that are put together to deliver health and social services to the population at large. These or… (see more)ganizations are increasingly applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health and social care. Unfortunately, both health care systems and AI are confronted with a lack of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI). This short paper focuses on the importance of integrating EDI concepts throughout the life cycle of AI in health. We discuss the risks that the lack of EDI in the design, development and implementation of AI-based tools might have on the already marginalized communities and populations in the healthcare setting. Moreover, we argue that integrating EDI principles and practice throughout the lifecycle of AI in health has an important role in achieving health equity for all populations. Further research needs to be conducted to explore how studies in AI-health have integrated.
2022-06-29
13th Augmented Human International Conference (published)
doi.org
Annotation Cost-Sensitive Deep Active Learning with Limited Data (Student Abstract)
Renaud Bernatchez
Audrey Durand
Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org
Biological Sequence Design with GFlowNets
Moksh J. Jain
Emmanuel Bengio
Alex Hernandez-Garcia
Jarrid Rector-Brooks
Bonaventure F. P. Dossou
Chanakya Ajit Ekbote
Jie Fu
Tianyu Zhang
Micheal Kilgour
Dinghuai Zhang
Lena Simine
Payel Das
Yoshua Bengio
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Building Robust Ensembles via Margin Boosting
Dinghuai Zhang
Hongyang R. Zhang
Aaron Courville
Yoshua Bengio
Pradeep Ravikumar
Arun Sai Suggala
In the context of adversarial robustness, a single model does not usually have enough power to defend against all possible adversarial attac… (see more)ks, and as a result, has sub-optimal robustness. Consequently, an emerging line of work has focused on learning an ensemble of neural networks to defend against adversarial attacks. In this work, we take a principled approach towards building robust ensembles. We view this problem from the perspective of margin-boosting and develop an algorithm for learning an ensemble with maximum margin. Through extensive empirical evaluation on benchmark datasets, we show that our algorithm not only outperforms existing ensembling techniques, but also large models trained in an end-to-end fashion. An important byproduct of our work is a margin-maximizing cross-entropy (MCE) loss, which is a better alternative to the standard cross-entropy (CE) loss. Empirically, we show that replacing the CE loss in state-of-the-art adversarial training techniques with our MCE loss leads to significant performance improvement.
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Direct Behavior Specification via Constrained Reinforcement Learning
Julien Roy
Roger Girgis
Joshua Romoff
Pierre-Luc Bacon
Chris J Pal
Chris Pal
The standard formulation of Reinforcement Learning lacks a practical way of specifying what are admissible and forbidden behaviors. Most oft… (see more)en, practitioners go about the task of behavior specification by manually engineering the reward function, a counter-intuitive process that requires several iterations and is prone to reward hacking by the agent. In this work, we argue that constrained RL, which has almost exclusively been used for safe RL, also has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of work spent for reward specification in applied RL projects. To this end, we propose to specify behavioral preferences in the CMDP framework and to use Lagrangian methods to automatically weigh each of these behavioral constraints. Specifically, we investigate how CMDPs can be adapted to solve goal-based tasks while adhering to several constraints simultaneously. We evaluate this framework on a set of continuous control tasks relevant to the application of Reinforcement Learning for NPC design in video games.
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
proceedings.mlr.press
arxiv.org
Distributional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations for Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning
Harley Wiltzer
David Meger
Marc Gendron-Bellemare
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Estimating Social Influence from Observational Data
Dhanya Sridhar
Caterina De Bacco
David Blei
We consider the problem of estimating social influence, the effect that a person's behavior has on the future behavior of their peers. The k… (see more)ey challenge is that shared behavior between friends could be equally explained by influence or by two other confounding factors: 1) latent traits that caused people to both become friends and engage in the behavior, and 2) latent preferences for the behavior. This paper addresses the challenges of estimating social influence with three contributions. First, we formalize social influence as a causal effect, one which requires inferences about hypothetical interventions. Second, we develop Poisson Influence Factorization (PIF), a method for estimating social influence from observational data. PIF fits probabilistic factor models to networks and behavior data to infer variables that serve as substitutes for the confounding latent traits. Third, we develop assumptions under which PIF recovers estimates of social influence. We empirically study PIF with semi-synthetic and real data from Last.fm, and conduct a sensitivity analysis. We find that PIF estimates social influence most accurately compared to related methods and remains robust under some violations of its assumptions.
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the First Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Fair Representation Learning through Implicit Path Alignment
Changjian Shui
Qi CHEN
Jiaqi Li
Boyu Wang
Christian Gagné
2022-06-28
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net