Publications

Responsible Design Patterns for Machine Learning Pipelines
Saud Hakem Al Harbi
Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon
Foutse Khomh
Integrating ethical practices into the AI development process for artificial intelligence (AI) is essential to ensure safe, fair, and respon… (see more)sible operation. AI ethics involves applying ethical principles to the entire life cycle of AI systems. This is essential to mitigate potential risks and harms associated with AI, such as algorithm biases. To achieve this goal, responsible design patterns (RDPs) are critical for Machine Learning (ML) pipelines to guarantee ethical and fair outcomes. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework incorporating RDPs into ML pipelines to mitigate risks and ensure the ethical development of AI systems. Our framework comprises new responsible AI design patterns for ML pipelines identified through a survey of AI ethics and data management experts and validated through real-world scenarios with expert feedback. The framework guides AI developers, data scientists, and policy-makers to implement ethical practices in AI development and deploy responsible AI systems in production.
2023-05-31
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Spotlight Attention: Robust Object-Centric Learning With a Spatial Locality Prior
Ayush K Chakravarthy
Trang M. Nguyen
Anirudh Goyal
Yoshua Bengio
Michael Curtis Mozer
2023-05-31
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A graphical user interface for calculating the arterial input function during dynamic positron emission tomography
Y. Daoud
Liam Carroll
Shirin A. Enger
Purpose. Dynamic positron emission tomography (dPET) requires the acquisition of the arterial input function (AIF), conventionally obtained … (see more)via invasive arterial blood sampling. To obtain the AIF non-invasively, our group developed and combined two novel solutions consisting of (1) a detector, placed on a patient’s wrist during the PET scans to measure the radiation leaving the wrist and (2) a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation software. The simulations require patient-specific wrist geometry. The aim of this study was to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) allowing the user to import 2D ultrasound scans of a patient’s wrist, and measure the wrist features needed to calculate the AIF. Methods. The GUI elements were implemented using Qt5 and VTK-8.2.0. The user imports a patient’s wrist ultrasound scans, measures the radial artery and veins’ surface and depth to model a wrist phantom, then specifies the radioactive source used during the dPET scan. The phantom, the source, and the number of decay events are imported into the Geant4-based Monte Carlo software to run a simulation. In this study, 100 million decays of 18F and 68Ga were simulated in a wrist phantom designed based on an ultrasound scan. The detector’s efficiency was calculated and the results were analyzed using a clinical data processing algorithm developed in a previous study. Results. The detector’s total efficiency decreased by 3.5% for 18F and by 51.7% for 68Ga when using a phantom based on ultrasound scans compared to a generic wrist phantom. Similarly, the data processing algorithm’s accuracy decreased when using the patient-specific phantom, giving errors greater than 1.0% for both radioisotopes. Conclusions. This toolkit enables the user to run Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations for dPET detector development applications using a patient-specific wrist phantom. Leading to a more precise simulation of the developed detector during dPET and the calculation of a personalized AIF.
2023-05-30
Physics in Medicine & Biology (published)
doi.org
The neuroconnectionist research programme
Adrien C. Doerig
R. Sommers
Katja Seeliger
Blake Richards
J. Ismael
Grace W. Lindsay
Konrad Paul Kording
Talia Konkle
M. Gerven
Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
Tim Kietzmann
2023-05-30
Nature Reviews Neuroscience (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Let the Flows Tell: Solving Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problems with GFlowNets
Dinghuai Zhang
Hanjun Dai
Nikolay Malkin
Aaron Courville
Yoshua Bengio
Ling Pan
Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are often NP-hard and thus out of reach for exact algorithms, making them a tempting domain to appl… (see more)y machine learning methods. The highly structured constraints in these problems can hinder either optimization or sampling directly in the solution space. On the other hand, GFlowNets have recently emerged as a powerful machinery to efficiently sample from composite unnormalized densities sequentially and have the potential to amortize such solution-searching processes in CO, as well as generate diverse solution candidates. In this paper, we design Markov decision processes (MDPs) for different combinatorial problems and propose to train conditional GFlowNets to sample from the solution space. Efficient training techniques are also developed to benefit long-range credit assignment. Through extensive experiments on a variety of different CO tasks with synthetic and realistic data, we demonstrate that GFlowNet policies can efficiently find high-quality solutions. Our implementation is open-sourced at https://github.com/zdhNarsil/GFlowNet-CombOpt.
2023-05-26
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Motor cortex latent dynamics encode arm movement direction and urgency independently
Andrea Colins Rodriguez
Matt Perich
Lee Miller
Mark D. Humphries
2023-05-26
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Testing Feedforward Neural Networks Training Programs
Houssem Ben Braiek
Foutse Khomh
2023-05-26
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
An Examination of the Robustness of Reference-Free Image Captioning Evaluation Metrics
Saba Ahmadi
Aishwarya Agrawal
2023-05-24
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
A hierarchical Bayesian brain parcellation framework for fusion of functional imaging datasets
Da Zhi
Ladan Shahshahani
Caroline Nettekoven
Ana Lúısa Pinho
Danilo Bzdok
Jörn Diedrichsen
2023-05-24
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Model evaluation for extreme risks
Toby Shevlane
Sebastian Farquhar
Ben Garfinkel
Mary Phuong
Jess Whittlestone
Jade Leung
Daniel Kokotajlo
Nahema A. Marchal
Markus Anderljung
Noam Kolt
Lewis Ho
Divya Siddarth
Shahar Avin
W. Hawkins
Been Kim
Iason Gabriel
Vijay Bolina
Jack Clark
Yoshua Bengio
Paul F. Christiano … (see 1 more)
Allan Dafoe
2023-05-24
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org
De novo motor learning creates structure in neural activity space that shapes adaptation
Joanna C. Chang
Matt Perich
Lee Miller
Juan A. Gallego
Claudia Clopath
2023-05-24
bioRxiv (preprint)
doi.org
Realistically distributing object placements in synthetic training data improves the performance of vision-based object detection models
Setareh Dabiri
Vasileios Lioutas
Berend Zwartsenberg
Yunpeng Liu
Matthew Niedoba
Xiaoxuan Liang
Dylan Green
Justice Sefas
Jonathan Wilder Lavington
Frank Wood
Adam Ścibior
When training object detection models on synthetic data, it is important to make the distribution of synthetic data as close as possible to … (see more)the distribution of real data. We investigate specifically the impact of object placement distribution, keeping all other aspects of synthetic data fixed. Our experiment, training a 3D vehicle detection model in CARLA and testing on KITTI, demonstrates a substantial improvement resulting from improving the object placement distribution.
2023-05-24
ArXiv (preprint)
doi.org
arxiv.org