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Kenji Kawaguchi

Alumni

Publications

Discrete-Valued Neural Communication in Structured Architectures Enhances Generalization
Dianbo Liu
Alex Lamb
Kenji Kawaguchi
Anirudh Goyal
Chen Sun
Michael C. Mozer
Yoshua Bengio
Deep learning has advanced from fully connected architectures to structured models organized into components, e.g., the transformer composed… (see more) of positional elements, modular architectures divided into slots, and graph neural nets made up of nodes. In structured models, an interesting question is how to conduct dynamic and possibly sparse communication among the separate components. Here, we explore the hypothesis that restricting the transmitted information among components to discrete representations is a beneficial bottleneck. The motivating intuition is human language in which communication occurs through discrete symbols. Even though individuals have different understandings of what a "cat" is based on their specific experiences, the shared discrete token makes it possible for communication among individuals to be unimpeded by individual differences in internal representation. To discretize the values of concepts dynamically communicated among specialist components, we extend the quantization mechanism from the Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencoder to multi-headed discretization with shared codebooks and use it for discrete-valued neural communication (DVNC). Our experiments show that DVNC substantially improves systematic generalization in a variety of architectures -- transformers, modular architectures, and graph neural networks. We also show that the DVNC is robust to the choice of hyperparameters, making the method very useful in practice. Moreover, we establish a theoretical justification of our discretization process, proving that it has the ability to increase noise robustness and reduce the underlying dimensionality of the model.
2019-12-31
International Conference on Machine Learning (published)
doi.org
openreview.net
Depth with Nonlinearity Creates No Bad Local Minima in ResNets
Kenji Kawaguchi
Yoshua Bengio
2019-09-30
Neural Networks (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Interpolation Consistency Training for Semi-Supervised Learning
Vikas Verma
Kenji Kawaguchi
Alex Lamb
Juho Kannala
Yoshua Bengio
David Lopez-Paz
Arno Solin
2019-08-09
Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (published)
doi.org
arxiv.org
Generalization in Machine Learning via Analytical Learning Theory
Kenji Kawaguchi
Yoshua Bengio
This paper introduces a novel measure-theoretic theory for machine learning that does not require statistical assumptions. Based on this the… (see more)ory, a new regularization method in deep learning is derived and shown to outperform previous methods in CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN. Moreover, the proposed theory provides a theoretical basis for a family of practically successful regularization methods in deep learning. We discuss several consequences of our results on one-shot learning, representation learning, deep learning, and curriculum learning. Unlike statistical learning theory, the proposed learning theory analyzes each problem instance individually via measure theory, rather than a set of problem instances via statistics. As a result, it provides different types of results and insights when compared to statistical learning theory.
2018-02-20
arXiv.org (preprint)
dblp.uni-trier.de
Towards Understanding Generalization via Analytical Learning Theory
Kenji Kawaguchi
Yoshua Bengio
This paper introduces a novel measure-theoretic theory for machine learning that does not require statistical assumptions. Based on this the… (see more)ory, a new regularization method in deep learning is derived and shown to outperform previous methods in CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN. Moreover, the proposed theory provides a theoretical basis for a family of practically successful regularization methods in deep learning. We discuss several consequences of our results on one-shot learning, representation learning, deep learning, and curriculum learning. Unlike statistical learning theory, the proposed learning theory analyzes each problem instance individually via measure theory, rather than a set of problem instances via statistics. As a result, it provides different types of results and insights when compared to statistical learning theory.
2018-02-20
ArXiv (preprint)
arxiv.org
arxiv.org